Аннотация
Ингибиторы гидроксиметилглутарил-КоА-редуктазы, помимо подавления синтеза холестерина, обладают противовирусным действием, которое показано в отношении вирусов COVID-19, HCV, HBV, RSV, ВИЧ, вирусов гриппа в клинических исследованиях. Экспериментально подтверждено ингибирование статинами COVID-19, вирусов гриппа, RSV, ВИЧ, а также вирусов Эбола, Зика, Денге, Коксаки, ротавирусов, ADV, HDV, HHV. Помимо этого, для статинов характерна способность усиливать действие противовирусных препаратов, повышая их эффективность в лечении инфекций. В связи с этим возможно перспективным является использование статинов в терапии вызываемых вирусами заболеваний. Выявлена также роль вирусов гриппа, гепатитов В и С, папилломы человека, Т-клеточного лейкоза, ВИЧ и герпесвирусов в развитии атеросклероза, поэтому применение статинов возможно имеет позитивный эффект на коррекцию эндотелиальной дисфункции, возникающей под влиянием вирусов. Поскольку при старении повышается активность ретроэлементов, эволюционно взаимосвязанных с экзогенными вирусами, сделано предположение, что ретротранспозоны также могут быть мишенями для воздействия статинов. Об этом свидетельствует изменение экспрессии под действием статинов некодирующих РНК, ключевыми источниками которых являются ретроэлементы. Данное свойство может быть дополнительным фактором назначения статинов для увеличения продолжительности жизни, помимо профилактики и лечения атеросклероза, поскольку патологическая активация ретроэлементов является одной из причин старения. Вирусы, подобно ретроэлементам, вовлечены в патогенез злокачественных новообразований, в лечении которых статины показали свою эффективность и способность усиливать действие противоопухолевых препаратов, преодолевая химиорезистентность (подобно потенцированию противовирусных препаратов). Одним из механизмов данной активности статинов может служить их влияние на ретроэлементы и вирусы.
ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Уфа, Россия
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