Abstract
The present literature review is devoted to the one of the actual problems in the intensive care units – to the nosocomial pneumonia that is developing during mechanical ventilation (ventilator-associated pneumonia – VAP) in patients with different types of critical conditions. The questions of terminology and diagnosis of VAP are discussed. The appropriateness of complex approach to diagnosis of VAP including clinical, laboratory and roentgenological data, as well as results of microbiological studies is shown. Advantages and disadvantages of invasive methods of microbiological diagnostic are analysed. Risk factors of VAP determined by the multiple regression analysis are listed. Problems of antimicrobial therapy of VAP with particular attention to the choice of antimicrobials for empiric therapy are discussed.
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