Diseases and Pathogens

Objective. To study etiological structure of respiratory tract infections in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) across different age groups. Materials and Methods. A total of 173 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PCD from various regions of the Russian Federation were examined from 2023 to 2025. The patients were divided into 4 age groups: children (0–6 years) – 42 patients; children (7–12 years) – 42 patients; adolescents (13–17 years) – 43 patients; adults (18 years and older) – 46 patients.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from a dysregulated immune response to infection and characterized by multiple organ dysfunction. Historically, the contribution of viruses to sepsis pathogenesis has been underestimated, largely due …

Local treatment of wound infections remains the preferred method of therapy, reducing the risk of adverse systemic reactions while providing high therapeutic concentrations in wound tissues. This article is an analysis of clinical studies of local …

Objective. To analyze the current taxonomic structure of the genus Stenotrophomonas based on genomic data, taking into account limitations associated with nomenclatural validation processes. Materials and Methods. A reference dataset was constructed using taxonomic information from LPSN (List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature) and genome assemblies retrieved from the NCBI database. Pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values were calculated. Species delineation was performed using the commonly accepted threshold of ANI ≥ 95%.

Mycobacteriosis is an infectious disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), characterized by complicated verification, as it coincides in clinical, radiological and pathoanatomic characteristics with tuberculosis, the complexity of …

Objective. To study molecular and genetic features of M. tuberculosis (MTB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients with unfavorable course of HIV infection and tuberculosis. Materials and Methods. A total of 105 patients with HIV infection and newly diagnosed tuberculosis in whom tuberculosis was confirmed by microbiological and molecular genetic methods were included. The follow-up period was at least 6 months. Based on the results of the examination during treatment, all patients were divided into two groups: group 1 – patients with favorable course of HIV infection and tuberculosis (n = 78), group 2 – patients with unfavorable course of HIV infection and tuberculosis (n = 27).

Objective. To assess impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily life and mental health of healthcare professionals in public medical institutions of the Russian Federation from their perspective and their attitude to the healthcare system’s response measures. Materials and Methods. From September to October 2024, as part of the qualitative data study, a semi-structured interview survey was conducted among 32 physicians and 18 nursing staff working during the COVID-19 pandemic in public outpatient and inpatient public medical institutions of the Russian Federation, repurposed or specially deployed to treat patients with COVID-19.

Objective. To evaluate level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning sepsis and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among medical students in the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. A multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among students from six medical universities using a validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.74) developed based on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) model. Results. The study included 1052 respondents, comprising 315 (29.9%) males and 737 (70.1%) females, with a median age of 22 [21; 24] years.

Objective. To study molecular biological features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women and women in labor in various regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The study included 205 S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women and women in labor in various regions of the Russian Federation for the period 2022–2023. The strains were isolated from vaginal rectal smears of pregnant women during screening at 35–37 weeks of gestation and from vaginal discharge of women in labor.

Objective. To determine frequency and spectrum of cytomegalovirus (CMV) resistance mutations to antiviral drugs in immunocompromised children. To study clinical course of resistant CMV infection in this patient population. Materials and Methods. This prospective study included 120 patients of the Dmitry Rogachev NMRC PHOI who mainly were recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with confirmed CMV infection (median age – 8.9 years). The study inclusion criterion was the possible development of CMV drug resistance.