Между антибиотикорезистентностью и вирулентностью: диалектика бактериального фитнеса | КМАХ

Между антибиотикорезистентностью и вирулентностью: диалектика бактериального фитнеса

Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2024; 26(1):59-66

​ Чеботарь И.В., Кулешов К.В.
10.36488/cmac.2024.1.59-66
бактерии антибиотикорезистентность фитнес вирулентность
Раздел
Антибиотикорезистентность
Тип
Обзор
Публикация
Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2024; 26(1):59-66

Аннотация

Быстрая экспансия резистентных к антибиотикам бактерий-возбудителей воспринимается как глобальная угроза для человечества, которая наносит существенный ущерб здоровью людей и приводит к огромным экономическим потерям. Антибиотикорезистентность является многоликим явлением, одна из сторон которого проявляется в виде бактериального фитнеса. Фитнес это способность оптимизировать метаболизм для определения приоритета функций, направленных на повышение способности размножаться в конкретных условиях окружающей среды, включая организм человека. Цель настоящего обзора – на основе накопленных наблюдений продемонстрировать диалектику фитнес-конкуренции двух клинически значимых свойств бактерий – антибиотикорезистентности и вирулентности. В обзоре приводятся основные методические подходы, используемые для оценки фитнеса. Анализируются варианты разнонаправленных фитнес-эффектов у резистентных к антибиотикам бактерий и обсуждаются общие принципы их генетической базы. Высказываются предложения о практическом применении оценки фитнес-способностей бактериальных патогенов.

Чеботарь Игорь Викторович

ФГAОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия

Кулешов К.В.

ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора, Москва, Россия

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