Аннотация
В обзоре рассматриваются современные представления о разных механизмах устойчивости Staphylococcus aureus к бета-лактамным антибиотикам, которые являются одними из основных препаратов выбора для лечения стафилококковых инфекций. На сегодняшний день можно выделить несколько механизмов устойчивости. К ним относятся синтез стафилококковой бета-лактамазы (blaZ), обуславливающей устойчивость к пенициллинам, аминопенициллинам, и наличие альтернативного пенициллиносвязывающего белка (ПСБ2а) – основного маркера метициллинорезистентных S. aureus (MRSA), ассоциированного с устойчивостью ко всем бета-лактамам (кроме цефалоспоринов с анти-MRSA активностью). В свою очередь, мутации в ПСБ2а способствуют формированию устойчивости к цефтаролину и цефтобипролу. Параллельно с этим среди MRSA можно выделить фенотипы «исключения» – это оксациллиночувствительные MRSA (OS-MRSA), которые являются чувствительными к оксациллину, несмотря на наличие гена mecA, кодирующего ПСБ2а. Также выделяют и mec-независимые пути формирования устойчивости. В частности, повышение внутриклеточной концентрации мессенджеров ц-диАМФ (за счет мутаций в гене gdpP) приводит к устойчивости к бета-лактамам, включая цефалоспорины с анти-MRSA активностью. Мутации в ПСБ4 или его промоторе также способствуют устойчивости. Механизм устойчивости к бета-лактамам у mec-отрицательных S. aureus (borderline oxacillin-resistant S. aureus, BORSA) связан с мутациями в ПСБ1, ПСБ2, ПСБ3 и ПСБ4 или с гиперэкспрессией стафилококковой бета-лактамазы. В обзоре рассматриваются эти и другие фенотипы, особенности механизмов устойчивости, клиническая значимость, а также возможности фенотипической детекции.
ФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней» ФМБА России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины», Санкт-Петербург, Россия
ФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней» ФМБА России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
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