Аннотация
Диарея путешественников является самым частым инфекционным заболеванием, встречающимся у данной категории граждан и возникающим, как правило, в течение первой недели поездки. В обзоре представлены сводные данные по эпидемиологии и этиологии диареи путешественников. Подробно описаны неспецифические и медикаментозные (антибиотики, пробиотики) мероприятия по профилактике этого инфекционного заболевания. Также рассмотрены подходы к лечению диареи путешественников (пероральная регидратация, пробиотики, противодиарейные средства, антибактериальные препараты) у взрослых и детей в зависимости от степени тяжести заболевания.
НИИ антимикробной химиотерапии ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Смоленск, Россия
НИИ антимикробной химиотерапии ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Смоленск, Россия
-
1.
Hill D.R., Beeching N.J. Travelers’ diarrhea. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010;23(5):481-487.
-
2.
Steffen R., Hill D.R., DuPont H.L. Traveler's diarrhea: a clinical review. JAMA. 2015;313(1):71-80.
-
3.
Kean B.H. The diarrhea of travelers to Mexico: summary of 5-year study. Ann Intern Med. 1963;59:605-614.
-
4.
Gorbach S.L., Kean B.H., Evans D.G., et al. Travelers’ diarrhea and toxigenic Escherichia coli. N Engl J Med. 1975;292(18):933-936.
-
5.
DuPont H.L., Reves R.R., Galindo E., et al. Treatment of travelers’ diarrhea with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and with trimethoprim alone. N Engl J Med. 1982;307(14):841-844.
-
6.
Greenwood Z., Black J., Weld L., et al. Gastrointestinal infection among international travelers globally. J Travel Med. 2008;15:221228.
-
7.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yellow Book, 2017, Chapter 2. Travelers’ Diarrhea. Available from https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2018/the-pre-travel-consultation/travelersdiarrhea. Accessed 23.06.2018.
-
8.
Jelinek T., Nothdurft H.D., Haditsch M., et al. Consensus paper treatment of acute traveler's diarrhea. Practice recommendation for travel advice. MMW Fortschr Med. 2017;159(Suppl 4):4-11.
-
9.
Pitzurra R., Steffen R., Tschopp A., et al. Diarrhoea in a large prospective cohort of European travellers to resource-limited destinations. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:231.
-
10.
Steffen R., Tornieporth N., Clemens S.A., et al. Epidemiology of travelers’ diarrhea: details of a global survey. J Travel Med. 2004;11(4):231-237.
-
11.
Belderok S.M., van den Hoek A., Kint J.A., et al. Incidence, risk factors and treatment of diarrhoea among Dutch travellers: reasons not to routinely prescribe antibiotics. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;1:295.
-
12.
Leder K., Steffen R., Cramer J.P., et al. Risk assessment in travel medicine: how to obtain, interpret, and use risk data for informing pre-travel advice. J Travel Med. 2015;22:13-20.
-
13.
Connor B.A., Landzberg B.R. Prevention and treatment of acute traveler's diarrhea. Infect Med. 2004;21(1):18-19.
-
14.
de la Cabada Bauche J., Dupont H.L. New Developments in Traveler's Diarrhea. Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY). 2011;7(2):88-95.
-
15.
Freedman D.O., Weld L.H., Kozarsky P.E., et al.; GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Spectrum of disease and relation to place of exposure among ill returned travelers. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(2):119-130.
-
16.
Prulifloxacin Appears Safe, Fast, Effective for Traveler's Diarrhea. Proceedings of 48th Annual ICAAC/IDSA 46th Annual Meeting: A Joint Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology and the Infectious Diseases Society of America: Abstract L-4134a.
-
17.
Mütsch M., Pitzurra R., Hatz C., et al. Post-infectious sequelae of travelers’ diarrhea: irritable bowel syndrome.J Travel Med. 2014;21(2):141-143.
-
18.
Connor B.A., Riddle M.S. Post-infectious sequelae of travelers’ diarrhea. J Travel Med. 2013;20(5):303-312.
-
19.
Jackson B.R., Zegarra J.A., Lopez-Gatell H., et al.; GBS Outbreak Investigation Team. Binational outbreak of Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection, Mexico and USA, 2011. Epidemiol Infect. 2014;142(5):1089-1099.
-
20.
Shah N., DuPont H.L., Ramsey D.J. Global etiology of travelers’ diarrhea: systematic review from 1973 to the present. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;80(4):609-614.
-
21.
Jiang Z.D., Dupont H.L., Brown E.L., et al. Microbial etiology of travelers’ diarrhea in Mexico, Guatemala, and India: importance of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Arcobacter species. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(4):1417-1419.
-
22.
Galbadage T., Jiang Z.D., DuPont H.L. Improvement in detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in patients with travelers’ diarrhea by increasing the number of E. coli colonies tested. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;80(1):20-23.
-
23.
Taylor D.N., Bourgeois A.L., Ericsson C.D., et al. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of rifaximin compared with placebo and with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of travelers’ diarrhea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74(6):1060-1066.
-
24.
Jiang Z.D., Lowe B., Verenkar M.P., et al. Prevalence of enteric pathogens among international travelers with diarrhea acquired in Kenya (Mombasa), India (Goa), or Jamaica (Montego Bay). J Infect Dis. 2002;185(4):497-502.
-
25.
Koo H.L., Ajami N.J., Jiang Z.D., et al. Noroviruses as a cause of diarrhea in travelers to Guatemala, India, and Mexico. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(5):1673-1676.
-
26.
Pandey P., Bodhidatta L., Lewis M., et al. Travelers’ diarrhea in Nepal: an update on the pathogens and antibiotic resistance. J Travel Med. 2011;18(2):102-108.
-
27.
Tribble D.R., Sanders J.W., Pang L.W., et al. Traveler’s diarrhea in Thailand: randomized, double-blind trial comparing single-dose and 3-day azithromycin-based regimens with a 3-day levofloxacin regimen. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(3):338-346.
-
28.
Hill D.R., Ryan E.T. Management of travellers' diarrhoea. BMJ. 2008;337:a1746.
-
29.
Swaminathan A., Torresi J., Schlagenhauf P., et al.; GeoSentinel Network. A global study of pathogens and host risk factors associated with infectious gastrointestinal disease in returned international travellers. J Infect. 2009;59(1):19-27.
-
30.
Riddle M.S., Sanders J.W., Putnam S.D., et al. Incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among long-term travelers (US military and similar populations): a systematic review. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74(5):891-900.
-
31.
Steffen R. Epidemiology of travellers' diarrhea. J Travel Med. 2017;24(suppl_1): S2-S5.
-
32.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Yellow Book, 2016, Chapter 2. The Pretravel Consultation. Food & Water Precautions. Available from wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2018/the-pretravel-consultation/food-water-precautions. Accessed 23.06.2018.
-
33.
Sazawal S., Hiremath G., Dhingra U., et al. Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(6):374-382.
-
34.
Wine E., Gareau M.G., Johnson-Henry K., et al. Strain-specific probiotic (Lactobacillus helveticus) inhibition of Campylobacter jejuni invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2009;300(1):146-152.
-
35.
Lin P.P., Hsieh Y. Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus RY2 isolated from healthy infancy feces on the growth and adhesion characteristics of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Anaerobe. 2009;15(4):122-126.
-
36.
Raheja G., Singh V., Ma K., et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus stimulates the expression of SLC26A3 via a transcriptional mechanism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;298(3):G395-401.
-
37.
McFarland L.V. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2007;5(2):97-105.
-
38.
Collado M.C., Jalonen L., Meriluoto J., et al. Protection mechanism of probiotic combination against human pathogens: in vitro adhesion to human intestinal mucus. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(4):570-575.
-
39.
Kekkonen R. Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotic Bacteria In Healthy Adults. Academic Dissertation. Helsinki. 2008. 122 p.
-
40.
Loesche W.J. Baron’s Medical Microbiology. 4th Ed. University of Texas Medical Branch; 1996.
-
41.
Hatakka K., Savilahti E., Pönkä A., et al. Effect of longterm consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised trial. BMJ. 2001;322(7298):1327.
-
42.
Basu S., Chatterjee M., Ganguly S., et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in persistent diarrhea in Indian children: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41(8):756-760.
-
43.
Pinos Y., Ruiz M.I., Corsi Ó., et al. Is it worth adding loperamide to antibiotic treatment of travelers diarrhea? Medwave. 2017;17(Suppl 2):e6958.
-
44.
Paredes-Paredes M., Flores-Figueroa J., Dupont H.L. Advances in the treatment of travelers' diarrhea. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2011;13(5):402-407.
-
45.
Barr W., Smith A. Acute diarrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(3):180189.
-
46.
Matheson A.J., Noble S. Racecadotril. Drugs. 2000;59(4):829-835; discussion 836-837.
-
47.
Fischbach W., Andresen V., Eberlin M., et al. A Comprehensive Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Racecadotril with Other Treatments of Acute Diarrhea in Adults. Front Med (Lausanne). 2016;3:44.
-
48.
Lehert P., Chéron G., Calatayud G.A., et al. Racecadotril for childhood gastroenteritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(9):707-713.
-
49.
Gutiérrez-Castrellón P., Ortíz-Hernández A.A., Llamosas-Gallardo B., et al. Efficacy of racecadotril vs. smectite, probiotics or zinc as an integral part of treatment of acute diarrhea in children under five years: A meta-analysis of multiple treatments. Gac Med Mex. 2015;151(3):329-337.
-
50.
Gordon M., Akobeng A. Racecadotril for acute diarrhoea in children: systematic review and meta-analyses. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101(3):234-240.
-
51.
Eberlin M., Chen M., Mueck T., et al. Racecadotril in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a systematic, comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):124.
-
52.
Szajewska H., Guarino A., Hojsak I., et al. Use of Probiotics for Management of Acute Gastroenteritis: A Position Paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58(4):531-539.
-
53.
Riddle M.S., Connor B.A., Beeching N.J., et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of travelers' diarrhea: a graded expert panel report. J Travel Med. 2017;24(suppl_1):S57-S74.
-
54.
Guarino A., Ashkenazi S., Gendrel D., еt аl.; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe: update 2014. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;59(1):132-152.
-
55.
Kantele A., Lääveri T., Mero S., et al. Antimicrobials increase travelers' risk of colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(6):837-846.