Аннотация
Тедизолид — новый представить класса оксазолидинонов, был недавно одобрен для терапии осложнённых инфекций кожи и мягких тканей, вызванных грам(+) микроорганизмами, включая MRSA. Механизм действия тедизолида, как и всех оксазолидинонов, — ингибирование синтеза бактериальных белков. Как и для оксазолидинонов в целом, частота спонтанных мутаций, приводящих к снижению чувствительности к тедизолиду, крайне низка, причём ниже, чем для линезолида, в 16 раз. Тедизолид в 4-32 раза in vitro активнее, чем линезолид, в отношении стафилококков, энтерококков и стрептококков. Потенциально важно сохранение in vitro чувствительности к тедизолиду против многих штаммов, устойчивых к линезолиду за счёт наличия гена cfr — наиболее значимого механизма устойчивости с горизонтальным типом передачи. Тедизолид имеет период полувыведения около 12 часов, что позволяет использовать его 1 раз в сутки и при внутривенном, и при пероральном пути введения. У пациентов с нарушением функции почек и печени изменение режима дозирования не требуется. Два исследования 3 фазы у пациентов с инфекциями кожи и мягких тканей показали, что относительно короткий курс терапии тедизолидом в дозе 200 мг 1 раз/сут не уступает по эффективности и безопасности стандартному по длительности режиму терапии линезолидом в дозе 600 мг 2 раза/сут. В настоящий момент продолжаются клинические исследования тедизолида по ряду других показаний. Профиль безопасности выглядит для тедизолида более предпочтительно в сравнении с линезолидом: значимо ниже потенциал развития гематотоксичности, нейротоксичности, нежелательных побочных реакций со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта, ниже вероятность взаимодействия с ингибиторами моноамиоксидаз. Таким образом, ввиду более высокой in vitro активности, удобного режима дозирования, наличия пероральной и парентаральной форм, доказанной эффективности короткого 6-дневного курса терапии, более благоприятного в сравнении с линезолидом профиля безопасности, тедизолид является привлекательной опцией для терапии грам(+) осложнённых инфекций кожи и мягких тканей.
НИИ антимикробной химиотерапии ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Смоленск, Россия
ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
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