Аннотация
β-лактамазы представляют обширную группу генетически и функционально различных ферментов, отличающихся способностью разрушать β-лактамные антибиотики, тем самым обеспечивая устойчивость к ним бактерий-продуцентов. Природная способность к продукции β-лактамаз характерна для многих видов микроорганизмов. Однако наибольшую значимость в последнее время приобретает широкое распространение плазмидно кодируемых β-лактамаз, являющихся факторами вторичной (приобретенной) резистентности у изначально чувствительных микроорганизмов. Цель настоящего обзора – описание основных структурных и функциональных групп β-лактамаз аэробных грамотрицательных бактерий в соответствии с международно принятыми системами классификации. В обзоре рассмотрены наиболее часто встречающиеся у грамотрицательных возбудителей плазмидные β-лактамы TEM- и SHV-типа, их эволюция и роль в формировании устойчивости к различным β-лактамам, а также современные методы их диагностики и типирования.
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