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Objective. To develop criteria for the interpretation and quality assurance of the results of susceptibility testing of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa to cefepime-sulbactam. Materials and Methods. The study included 1035 clinical Enterobacterales isolates and 407 P. aeruginosa isolated in 2023 from hospitalized patients with nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Determination of cefepime and cefepime-sulbactam MICs was performed by broth microdilution method in Mueller-Hinton II broth in accordance with ISO 20776 1:2019.

Objective. To evaluate the results of implementing the AMRcf and AMRcloud platforms for microbiological surveillance studies of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) into the routine practice of a microbiological laboratory. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on the basis of the Department of Microbiology of the Clinical diagnostic laboratory of the Clinics of the Samara State Medical University. To perform the study, the following computer programs were introduced into routine practice: AMRcf (online microbiological registry for CF patients) and AMRcloud (online platform for analysis of collected data on antibiotic resistance).

Objective. To compare the species diversity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from patients of phthisiopulmonary institutions in 2018–2019 (“pre-Covid” period) and in 2020–2023 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). Materials and Methods. We identified 937 clinical isolates of NTM, isolated from patients undergoing differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases at The National Medical Research Center o Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (NMRC PhPI) and in other phthisiopulmonological institutions of the Russian Federation in 2018–2019 (“pre-Covid” period, n = 217) and in 2020–2023 (during the COVID-19 pandemic, n = 720).

Objective. To analyze the profile of bacterial pathogens in patients with extremities wounds resulting from mine-blast injuries, and their susceptibility to antibacterial drugs. Materials and Methods. The prospective observational study enrolled 234 patients who suffered injuries to the lower and/or upper extremities in the period from 4 to 36 days (mean 14.9 ± 7.4 days) before admission to the hospital. All study participants were men. The age of study patients ranged from 19 to 59 years (mean 35.

Objective. Seroyping of the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains obtained from patients with invasive and non-invasive forms of pneumococcal infection circulating in Russia using whole-genome sequencing. Materials and Methods. The 144 invasive and 90 non-invasive S. pneumoniae strains isolated in 2002– 2023 during the multicenter epidemiological study «PEGASus» were investigated. Real-time PCR and whole-genome sequencing were used to determine serotypes. The 16 serotyping targets were examined by PCR technique. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina equipment.

Objective. To compare analytical parameters and sensitivity between BACT/ALERT® 3D 60 and Yunon® Labstar 50. Materials and Methods. The study included 20 species of clinically significant microorganisms isolated from blood (20 strains for each facultative anaerobic species and 10 strains for each aerobic species). For each strain, individual volumes of the inoculation dose were selected with the control of CFU value. In the case of obtaining a stable CFU value in the range 2–10 per 100 µl of bacterial cell suspension, 100 µl of suspension was inoculated into vials with nutrient media for each analyzer, followed by an analysis of the cultivation time, the presence or absence of a growth signal, and average CFU values.

Objective. To identify point mutations in 23S rRNA gene associated with phenotypic drug resistance to clarithromycin (CLR) in clinical isolates of H. pylori. Materials and Methods. A total of 50 H. pylori clinical isolates (2014–2022) from adult patients with chronic gastritis (n = 32), duodenal ulcer (n = 11) and gastric cancer (n = 1) were included in this study. Of 50 isolates, 30 were obtained from newly diagnosed patients, 20 – from previously treated patients after eradication failure.

Objective. To evaluate the involvement of P. jirovecii in the infectious and other diseases in children and adults with immunosuppression of various origin. To assess the risk of infection with P. jirovecii, pneumocystosis and its spread by healthcare workers. Materials and Methods. An analysis of the results of a study of 1,446 samples of peripheral blood sera from patients, both children and adults, who were treated in hospitals of various profiles in Moscow and represented an increased risk group for pneumocystosis.

Objective. To determine spectrum and prevalence of genetic determinants of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium from patient in dermatovenerology clinics of two Russian megalopolises: Moscow and St. Petersburg in 2021–2024. Materials and Methods. A total of 530 M. genitalium DNA-positive specimens (urethral and cervical swabs) obtained from men and women from the STD clinic in St. Petersburg and Сlinical facilities of the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology of the Moscow Department of Health Care were analyzed.

Objective. To investigate the prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes carriage in patients at hospital admission. Materials and Methods. The prospective single-center cross-sectional study was performed in Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka» from 15.09.2022 till 15.08.2023. Adult patients without signs of gastrointestinal, upper and lower respiratory tract infections were included to research at fist 24 hour after hospital admission. Rectal swab and oropharyngeal swab were collected from each patient. Additional lower respiratory tract samples were collected from patients who were undergoing mechanical ventilation.