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Objective. To study susceptibility of clinical Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium perfringens isolates to antimicrobial agents across different regions of the Russian Federation and to identify regional patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods. The study included 1,685 isolates of obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to 107 species, isolated from patients in 60 regions of the Russian Federation during period from January 2023 to December 2024. Among them, 144 C. perfringens isolates from 37 regions, and 370 Bacteroides spp.

Objective. Comparative assessment of in vitro susceptibility of M. avium isolated from patients with mycobacteriosis (MB) with positive and negative HIV status. Materials and Methods. M. avium isolates of were revealed during 2018–2023 from clinical samples of 402 adult patients (≥ 18 years old) in the National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: 144 strains were isolated from individuals with HIV infection (HIV+) and 258 – from patients with a negative HIV status (HIV-).

Objective. To characterize spectrum of S. pneumoniae serotypes isolated from patients with invasive pneumococcal infection in the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The serotype identification of 93 S. pneumoniae isolates obtained from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with various forms of invasive pneumococcal disease was performed using whole-genome sequencing. PCV-13, PCV-15, PCV-20 and PPV-23 coverage of circulated serotypes was estimated using descriptive statistics. Results. The study included 93 S.

Objective. To assess prevalence, etiology, antimicrobial prescribing practices and treatment outcomes of infections in intensive care units in Russia. Materials and Methods. A two-stage (the first stage – October 18, 2022, the second stage – November 18, 2022) multicenter prospective one-day observational study involved 111 intensive care units (ICUs) of 67 centers from 25 cities of the Russian Federation. Each patient was included in the study only once. Data from the medical records of all patients in the ICU on the day of the study were entered by the attending physician into a single electronic individual case report form.

Objective. To study the characteristics of microbial landscape in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic simple bronchitis of occupational etiology from mineral dust exposure (COPD OE) with different clinical phenotypes. Materials and Methods. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Group-1 – 10 patients with COPD OE, clinical phenotype “B” (GOLD II); Group-2 – 19 patients with COPD OE, clinical phenotype “E” (GOLD III-IV); Group-3 – 11 patients with chronic simple bronchitis (CSBPE).

Objective. To analyze antimicrobial susceptibility of representatives of the genus Streptococcus in different wards of a multidisciplinary hospital. Materials and Methods. Epidemiological observational descriptive continuous retrospective survey was conducted. Antimicrobial susceptibility data on 2916 streptococcal isolates obtained from the laboratory information system «ALISA» were analyzed for the period from 01.01.2017 to 31.12.2022. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using BD Phoenix M50, interpretation of susceptibility testing results was done in accordance with EUCAST recommendations.

Objective. To study the microbial composition of biopsies in inflammatory bowel diseases. Materials and Methods. From November 2019 to February 2023, 100 patients of the coloproctology department with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) were examined: 65 patients with ulcerative colitis and 35 patients with Crohn’s disease. A metagenomic analysis of biopsies (DNA sequencer Illumina, USA) obtained during endoscopic examination using a standard technique, with a bioiformatic data analysis, was performed. The diversity of microbiomes in the samples was assessed using the Fisher index.

Objective. To describe the phenotypic and genome characteristics of the phenomenon of aztreonam susceptibility changes in a clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate developing colistin resistance in an evolutionary experiment in vivo. Materials and Methods. A clinical P. aeruginosa isolate with a multiple drug resistance phenotype was examined using the spaciotemporal model of colistin resistance development under the increasing colistin concentration. During the 44-day experiment, isolates were selected from the frontal growing line; these isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome sequencing.

Objective. To determine molecular biological characteristics of Candida albicans strains from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) associated with the formation of resistance to azole drugs. Materials and Methods. The study included 36 clinical isolates of C. albicans from patients with RVVC who sought outpatient care at the P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology from July to November 2024. Species identification of Candida spp. was performed using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry and targeted sequencing.

Objective. To develop a quantitative model to assess the economic loss of irrational antimicrobial use and inaccurate antimicrobial resistance diagnosis. Materials and Methods. The model’s parameters were derived from a questionnaire survey designed to elucidate the characteristics of antimicrobial therapy practices and the impact of microbiological findings, including the frequency and consequences of diagnostic errors. The model’s fundamental structure rests upon the relationship between the accuracy of microbiological diagnoses, the likelihood of irrational antimicrobial therapy, and the consequent economic losses.