Diagnosis and determination of resistance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria as a basis for clinical decision-making

Abstract

Mycobacteriosis is an infectious disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), characterized by complicated verification, as it coincides in clinical, radiological and pathoanatomic characteristics with tuberculosis, the complexity of diagnosis and long-term treatment. It is known that many NTM are potential pathogens for humans, especially for individuals with impaired local or systemic immunity (HIV-infected people in paticular). However, studies have recently appeared aimed at establishing a specific genotype of the macroorganism and other genetic factors determining susceptibility to this infection. Patients do not pose an epidemiological danger and do not require isolation, since the possibility of transmission of NTM from person to person has not been proven, however, the answer to this question is still ambiguous. In this article we review and compare existing recommendations and guidelines on the management of patients with infections caused by the NTM (ATS/IDSA, CFF/ECFS, ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA, draft recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, HIV recommendations).