Emerging Concepts in Use of Macrolides in Pregnancy and Lactation | CMAC

Emerging Concepts in Use of Macrolides in Pregnancy and Lactation

Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2010; 12(1):41-53

​ Stetsiouk O.U., Andreeva I.V.
pregnancy lactation macrolides safety adverse drug reactions
Section
Antimicrobials
Type
Journal article
Publication
Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2010; 12(1):41-53

Abstract

This paper reviews general issues of the use of antimicrobial agents in pregnant women. Currently available data on safety of macrolides during pregnancy and lactation are considered with the focus on several indications for their therapeutic and prophylactic use in obstetrics. Perspectives of further studies of this antimicrobial class are proposed.

  • 1. Romero R., Espinoza J., Chaiworapongsa T., Kalache K. Infection and prematurity and the role of preventive strategies. Semin Neonatol 2002; 7:259-74.
  • 2. Рекомендации по ведению больных с инфекциями почек, мочевых путей и мужских половых органов Европейской урологической ассоциации. К. Набер, М.С. Бишоп, Т.Е. Бйерклунд-Йохансен [и др.]: пер. с англ. - М., 2008. - 223 с.
  • 3. Чилова Р.Я., Ищенко А.И., Рафальский В.В. Особенности применения антимикробных препаратов при беременности. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.2005; 7:77-89.
  • 4. Andrade S.E., Gurwitz J.H., Davis R.L., et al. Prescription drug use in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:398-407.
  • 5. Splinter M.Y., Sagraves R., Nightengale B., Rayburn W.F. Prenatal use of medications by women giving birth at a university hospital. South Med J 1997; 90:498-502.
  • 6. Aviv R.I., Chubb K., Lindow S.W. The prevalence of maternal medication ingestion in the antenatal period. S Afr Med J 1993; 83:657-60.
  • 7. De Vigan C., De Walle H.E., Cordier S., et al. Therapeutic drug use during pregnancy: a comparison in four European countries. OECM Working Group. Occupational Exposures and Congenital Anomalies. J Clin Epidemiol 1999; 52:977-82.
  • 8. de Jong P.C., Nijdam W.S., Zielhuis G.A., Eskes T.K. Medication during low-risk pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991; 41:191-6.
  • 9. Buitendijk S., Bracken M.B. Medication in early pregnancy: prevalence of use and relationship to maternal characteristics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165:33-40.
  • 10. Headley J., Northstone K., Simmons H., Golding J.; ALSPAC Study Team. Medication use during pregnancy: data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 60:355-61.
  • 11. Villanueva LA, Martinez Ayala H, Garcia Lara E. Drug consumption during pregnancy. Ginecol Obstet Mex 1998; 66:423-7.
  • 12. Olesen C., Steffensen F.H., Nielsen G.L., de Jong-van den Berg L., Olsen J., Sorensen H.T. Drug use in first pregnancy and lactation: a population-based survey among Danish women. The EUROMAP group. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55:139-44.
  • 13. Стриженок Е.А. Фармакоэпидемиология лекарственных средств у беременных. Автореф. дисс. канд. мед. наук. Смоленск, 2005.
  • 14. Shehata H, Nelson-Piercy C. Drugs to avoid. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2001; 15:971-86.
  • 15. McKeever T.M., Lewis S.A., Smith C., Hubbard R. The importance of prenatal exposures on the development of allergic disease:a birth cohort study using the west midlands general practice database. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:827-32.
  • 16. Bizzarro M.J., Dembry L.M., Baltimore R.S., Gallagher P.G. Changing patterns in neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis and ampicillin resistance in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatrics 2008; 121:689-96.
  • 17. Alarcon A., Peсa P., Salas S., Sancha M., Omeсaca F. Neonatal early onset Escherichia coli sepsis: trends in incidence and antimicrobial resistance in the era of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23:295-9.
  • 18. Ушкалова Е.А. Лекарственные средства и беременность. Фарматека 2003; 2(65).
  • 19. Stika C.S., Frederiksen M.C. Drug therapy in pregnant and nursing women. In: Atkinson AJ, editor. Principles of clinical pharmacology. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 2001.
  • 20. Philipson A., Sabath L.D., Charles D. Erythromycin and clindamycin absorption and elimination in pregnant women. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1976; 19:68-77.
  • 21. Reynolds F., Knott C. Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy and placental drug transfer. Oxf Rev Reprod Biol 1989; 11:389-449.
  • 22. Mucklow J.C. The fate of drugs in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 13:161-75.
  • 23. Pacifici G.M. Placental transfer of antibiotics administered to the mother: a review. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 44:57-63.
  • 24. Sa del Fiol F., Gerenutti M., Groppo F.C. Antibiotics and pregnancy. Pharmazie. 2005; 60:483-93.
  • 25. Miller E.L. The penicillins: a review and update. J Midwifery Womens Health 2002; 47:426-34.
  • 26. Cavenee M.R., Farris J.R., Spalding T.R., at al. Treatment of gonorrhea in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 81:33-8.
  • 27. Friese K. Antibiotic therapy in pregnancy (article in German). Immun Infekt 1993; 21:111-4.
  • 28. Leophonte P. Antibiotics during pregnancy and breast feeding: consequences for the treatment of respiratory infections. Rev Mal Respir 1988; 5:293-8.
  • 29. Garland S.M, O’Reilly M.A. The risks and beneWts of antimicrobial therapy in pregnancy. Drug Saf 1995; 13:188-205.
  • 30. Ellegard E.K. Clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of pregnancy rhinitis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2004; 26:149-59.
  • 31. Heikkila A., Erkkola R. Review of beta-lactam antibiotics in pregnancy. The need for adjustment of dosage schedules. Clin Pharmacokinet 1994; 27:49-62.
  • 32. Di Lorenzo G., Mansueto P., Melluso M., et al. Allergy in pregnancy (article in Italian). Clin Ter 1994; 145:223-9.
  • 33. Schatz M. The efficacy and safety of asthma medications during pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 2001; 25:145-52.
  • 34. Ambro B.T., Scheid S.C., Pribitkin E.A. Prescribing guidelines for ENT medications during pregnancy ENT J 2003; 82:565-8.
  • 35. Brocklehurst P. Antibiotics for gonorrhoea in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002:CD000098.
  • 36. Bryskier A. Antimicrobial Agents. Antibacterials and Antifungals. ASM Press. Washington, USA, 2005.
  • 37. Жаркова Л.П., Ушкалова Е.А., Карпов О.И. Применение антиинфекционных препаратов при беременности и кормлении грудью. Практическое руководство по антиинфекционной химиотерапии. Страчунский Л.С., Белоусов Ю.Б., Козлов С.Н., ред. Смоленск: МАКМАХ, 2007 г. С. 423-34.
  • 38. Государственный реестр лекарственных средств Российской Федерации. Типовые клинико-фармакологические статьи. http://www.regmed.ru/search.asp
  • 39. Heikkinen T., Laine K., Neuvonen P.J., Ekblad U. The transplacental transfer of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, roxithromycin and azithromycin. BJOG 2000; 107:770-5.
  • 40. McCormack W.M., George H., Donner A. Hepatotoxicity of erythromycin estolate during pregnancy. AntiMicrob Agents Chemother 1977; 12:630-5.
  • 41. Heinonen O.P., Sloane D., Shapiro S. Birth defects and drugs in pregnancy. Littleton (MA): Publishing Sciences Group, 1977:435.
  • 42. Czeizel A.E., Rockenbauer M., Sorensen H.Y., Olsen J. A population-based case-control teratologic study of oral erythromycin treatment during pregnancy. Reprod. Toxicol 1999; 13:531-6.
  • 43. Kallen B.A.J., Otterblad Olausson P., Danielsson B.R. Is erythromycin therapy teratogenic in humans? Reprod Toxicol 2005; 20:209-14.
  • 44. Volberg W.A., Koci B.J., Su W., et al. Blockade of human cardiac potassium channel human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) by macrolide antibiotics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 302:320-7.
  • 45. Юрьев С.Ю, Евтушенко И.Д., Огородова Л.М. Определение концентрации азитромицина в хориальной ткани в первом триместре беременности. Антибиот и химиотер 2004; 49:10-2.
  • 46. Stray-Pederson В. The European Research Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis Treatment Group. Azithromycin levels in placental tissue, amniotic fluid and blood. In: The 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. New Orleans, 1996, abstr. A68.
  • 47. Ramsey P.S., Vaules M.B., Vasdev G.M., et al. Maternal and transplacental pharmacokinetics of azithromycin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188:714-718.
  • 48. DeMott K. Azithromycin commonly used in pregnancy. International Medical News Group 2002. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CYD/is_20_37/ai_ 93531959?tag=artBody; col1
  • 49. McGregor J.A., Hager W.D., Gibbs R.S., et al. Assessment of office-based care of sexually transmitted diseases and vaginitis and antibiotic decision-making by obstetriciangynecologists. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 1998; 6:247-51.
  • 50. Sarkar M., Woodland C.C., Koren G., Einarson A.R.N. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to azithromycin. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2006; 6:18.
  • 51. Ogasawara K.K., Goodwin T.M. Efficacy of azithromycin in reducing lower genital Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization in women at risk for preterm delivery. J Matern Fetal Med 1999; 8:12-6.
  • 52. Choi E.K., Pai H. Azithromycin therapy for scrub typhus during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27:1538-9.
  • 53. Simunic V., Vrcic H., Culig J., et al. Single dose of azithromycin in the treatment of sexually transmitted disease in infertile and pregnant women. In: The 3rd International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides and Streptogramins. Lisbon, 1996: abstr. 2.21.
  • 54. Jacobson G.F., Autry A.M., Kirby R.S., et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing amoxicillin and azithromycin for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184:1352-4.
  • 55. Adair C.D., Gunter M., Stovall T.G., et al. Chlamydia in pregnancy: a randomized trial of azithromycin and erythromycin. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 91:165-8.
  • 56. Edwards M.S., Newman R.B., Carter S.G., et al. Randomized clinical trial of azithromycin vs erythromycin for the treatment of Chlamydia cervicitis in pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 1997; 4:333-7.
  • 57. Rahangdale L., Guerry S., Bauer H.M. et al. An observational cohort study of Chlamydia trachomatis treatment in pregnancy. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2006; 33: 106-10.
  • 58. Wilton L.V., Pearce G.L., Martin R.M., et al. The outcomes of pregnancy in women exposed to newly marketed drugs in general practice in England. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1998; 105: 882-9.
  • 59. Amsden G.W. Erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin: are the differences real? Clin Ther. 1996; 18:56-72.
  • 60. Biaxin (Clarithromycin). Product Information. Rx List. Internet Drug Index. http://www.rxlist.com/biaxindrug.htm
  • 61. Witt A., Sommer E.M., Cichna M., et al. Placental passage of clarithromycin surpasses other macrolide antibiotics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188:816-9.
  • 62. Einarson A., Philips E., Mawje F., et al. A prospective controlled study of clarithromycin in pregnancy. Am J Perinatol 1998; 15:523-5.
  • 63. Chun J.Y., Han J.Y., Ahn H.K., et al. Fetal outcome following roxithromycin exposure in early pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2006; 19(3):189-92.
  • 64. Farhat C.K., Calvalho L.H.F.R., Chung S.S., et al. Toxoplasmosis II. J Pediatr 1981; 51:344-7.
  • 65. Gratzl R., Sodeck G., Platzer P., e.a. Treatment of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: concentrations of spiramycin and neospiramycin in maternal serum and amniotic fluid. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 21:12-6.
  • 66. Desmonts G., Couvreur J. Congenital toxoplasmosis: a prospective study of 378 pregnancies. N Engl J Med. 1974; 50:1110-6.
  • 67. Carter A.O., Frank J.W. Congenital toxoplasmosis: epidemiological features and control. Can Med Assoc J 1986; 135:618-23.
  • 68. Desmonts G., Daffos F., Forrestier F., et al. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Lancet 1985; I:500-4.
  • 69. Fedele L., Acaia B., Marchini M., et al. Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis endometritis with josamycin. J Chemother 1989; 1(4 Suppl):911-2.
  • 70. Czeizel A.E., Rockenbauer M., Olsen J., Sшrensen H.T. A case-control teratological study of spiramycin, roxithromycin, oleandomycin and josamycin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000; 79:234-7.
  • 71. Charles P., Stumpf P., Buffet P., et al. Two unusual glandular presentations of tick-borne tularemia. Med Mal Infect 2008; 8:159-61.
  • 72. Khrianin AA, Reshetnikov OV. Is it safe to use josamycin in the obstetrics practice in Russia? Antibiot Khimioter 2007; 52:32-6.
  • 73. Решетников О.В., Хрянин А.А. Макролиды в лечении хламидийной инфекции у беременных (эффективность, безопасность, экономичность). Русский медицинский журнал 2008; 16:23-7.
  • 74. Никонов А.П., Чилова Р.А., Остроумова М.В. и соавт. Применение азитромицина при лечении хламидийной инфекции у беременных женщин. Гинекология 2009; 11:14-7.
  • 75. Monga M., Blanco J.D. Intrauterine infection and preterm labor. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 1995; 3:37-44.
  • 76. Duff P. Maternal and perinatal infections. In: Gabbe S.G., Niebyl J.R., Simpson J.L., eds. Obstetrics: Normal& Problem Pregnancies, 3d ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1996.
  • 77. Kenyon S.L., Taylor D.J., Tarnow-Mordi W. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet 2001; 357:979-88.
  • 78. Kenyon S.L., Taylor D.J., Tarnow-Mordi W. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for spontaneous preterm labour: the ORACLE II randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet 2001; 357:989-94.
  • 79. Kenyon S., Boulvain M., Neilson J. Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001058.
  • 80. Yudin M.H., van Schalkwyk J., Van Eyk N., et al. Antibiotic therapy in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2009; 31:863-74.
  • 81. Mahon B.E., Rosenman M.B., Kleiman M.B. Maternal and infant use of erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics as risk factors for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Pediatr 2001; 139:380-4.
  • 82. Kenyon S., Pike K., Jones D.R., et al. Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with preterm rupture of the membranes: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE I trial. Lancet 2008;372:1310-8.
  • 83. Kenyon S., Pike K., Jones D.R., et al. Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labour: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE II trial. Lancet 2008; 372:1319-27.
  • 84. Tita A.T., Rouse D.J., Blackwell S., et al. Emerging concepts in antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113:675-82.
  • 85. Owens S.M., Brozanski B.S., Meyn L.A., Wiesenfeld H.C. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for cesarean delivery before skin incision. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114:573-9.
  • 86. Costantine M.M., Rahman M., Ghulmiyah L., et al. Timing of perioperative antibiotics for cesarean delivery: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:301.e1-6.
  • 87. Tita A.T., Owen J., Stamm A.M., et al. Impact of extended-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis on incidence of postcesarean surgical wound infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:303.e1-3.
  • 88. Tita A.T., Hauth J.C., Grimes A., et al. Decreasing incidence of postcesarean endometritis with extendedspectrum antibiotic prophylaxis. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111:51-6.
  • 89. Work Group on Breast-feeding, American Academy of Pediatrics. Breast-feeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 1997; 100:1035-9.
  • 90. Wright A.L., Holberg C.J., Taussig L.M., et al. Relationship of infant feeding to recurrent wheezing at age 6 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149:758-63.
  • 91. Aniansson G., Alm B., Andersson B., et al. A prospective cohort study on breast-feeding and otitis media in Swedish infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13:183-8.
  • 92. Hylander M.A., Strobino D.M., Dhanireddy R. Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1998; 102:E38.
  • 93. Labbok M.H. Health sequelae of breast-feeding for the mother. Clin Perinatol 1999; 26:491-503.
  • 94. Briggs G.G, Freeman R.K., Yaffe S.J. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation. 5th ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins, 1998.
  • 95. Stang H. Pyloric stenosis associated with erythromycin ingested through breast milk. Minn Med 1986; 69:669- 70.
  • 96. American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001; 108:776-89.
  • 97. Sedlmayr T., Peters F., Raasch W., et al. Clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic: effectiveness in puerperal infections and pharmacokinetics in breast milk. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1993; 53(7):488-91.
  • 98. Kelsey J.J., Moser L.R., Jennings J.C., et al. Presence of azithromycin breast milk concentration: a case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170:1375-6.
  • 99. Bar-Oz B., Bulkowstein M., Benyamini L., et al. Use of antibiotic and analgesic drugs during lactation. Drug Saf 2003; 26:925-35.
  • 100. Goldstein L.H., Berlin M., Tsur L., et al. The safety of macrolides during lactation. Breastfeed Med 2009; 4:197-200.
  • 101. Sørensen H.T., Skriver M.V., Pedersen L., et al. Risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis after maternal postnatal use of macrolides. Scand J Infect Dis 2003; 35:104-6.
Views
0 Abstract
0 PDF
0 Crossref citations
Shared