Antimicrobials

Objective. Development and validation of a suite of mathematical models to predict national-level antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends by integrating antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and current AMR data. Materials and Methods. Data on systemic antimicrobial consumption across 82 regions of the Russian Federation (2008–2022; source: IQVIA) and AMR levels (2013–2022; source: AMRmap.ru) were analyzed. The workflow included regional name normalization, exclusion of antimicrobials with low clinical relevance, calculation of moving averages (3–10 years) for AMR parameters, and AMC quantification in Defined Daily Doses (DDD).

Objective. To conduct a comparative in vitro analysis of the activity of biapenem and meropenem, as well as to evaluate the efficacy of their combinations with colistin against clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing carbapenemases of different molecular classes. Materials and Methods. The study included 197 carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa with a phenotype of multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug (XDR) resistance.

The annual increase in probiotic usage is nothing short of phenomenal. Given the large volume of information on beneficial microorganisms, it can be challenging for clinicians to select the most suitable probiotic for a patient. This article provides …

On May 29, 2025, a meeting of the Expert Council «Cefixime (a modern oral 3rd generation cephalosporin from Sandoz) and its place in clinical practice» was held. The meeting included representatives of leading Russian research and …

Objective. To study pharmacodynamics of meropenem alone and in combination with avibactam in an in vitro dynamic model; to evaluate effectiveness of meropenem against K. pneumoniae strains producing and not producing carbapenemases; to study impact of bacterial inoculum on meropenem activity and its effects. Materials and Methods. K. pneumoniae producing KPC and OXA-48 carbapenemases and non-producing strains were exposed to meropenem or its combination with avibactam (carbapenemase-producing strains only) in a modified in vitro hollow-fiber infection model (pneumoniae) simulating human pharmacokinetics of drugs administrated thrice daily for 5 days.

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are widely used in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in certain cases specified in Russian clinical guidelines. However, FQ are known to have cardiotoxic effects. There have been reports on proarrhythmogenic …

Objective. To develop criteria for the interpretation and quality assurance of the results of susceptibility testing of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa to cefepime-sulbactam. Materials and Methods. The study included 1035 clinical Enterobacterales isolates and 407 P. aeruginosa isolated in 2023 from hospitalized patients with nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Determination of cefepime and cefepime-sulbactam MICs was performed by broth microdilution method in Mueller-Hinton II broth in accordance with ISO 20776 1:2019.

Objective. To evaluate in vitro activity of various macrolide antibiotics against a current collection of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from patients with community-acquired infections in different regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. A total of 350 clinical isolates from patients with community-acquired infections, including 200 S. pneumoniae and 150 S. pyogenes, were included in the study. To further evaluate the in vitro activity of 16-member macrolides against erythromycin-resistant isolates (MIC ≥ 0.

Polymyxins are a well-known class of antimicrobial agents that have been used in clinical practice since the 1950s but lost their clinical significance for several decades. The rise of antibiotic resistance has led to the resurgence of polymyxins in …

Ceftobiprole medocaril is a fifth-generation cephalosporin (anti-MRSA cephem) with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Ceftobiprole is active against gram-positive bacteria, including strains resistant to other beta-lactams, such as …