Antimicrobial Resistance

Objective. Objectives. To assess the rates of antibiotic resistance and production of acquired carbapenemases in nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter spp., and to determine the genotypes and prevalence of “international high-risk clones” among nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in various regions of Russia within the “MARATHON 2015–2016” study. Materials and Methods. A total of 1005 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter spp., including 975 isolates of A. baumannii, collected in 44 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015– 2016 were studied.

Objective. Objectives. To assess the rates of antibiotic resistance, production of acquired carbapenemases, genotypes and prevalence of «international high-risk clones» among nosocomial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in various regions of Russia within the «MARATHON 2015–2016» study. Materials and Methods. A total of 1006 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of P. aeruginosa collected in 44 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015–2016 were studied. Species identification of isolates was performed by means of MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry.

Objective. To assess rates of antimicrobial resistance and production of the clinically important acquired resistance mechanisms (extended spectrum beta-lactamases [ESBL] and carbapenemases) in nosocomial strains of Enterobacterales, and to determine genotypes and prevalence of “international high-risk clones” among carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in various Russian regions within the “MARATHON 2015–2016“ study. Materials and Methods. A total of 2786 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of Enterobacterales, including 1316 isolates of K. pneumoniae and 837 isolates of Escherichia coli isolated in 49 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015–2016 were studied.

Objective. To study in vitro activity of antimicrobials against clinical isolates from patients with communityacquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in different regions of Russia in 2017–2018. Materials and Methods. A total of 1052 Enterobacterales isolates collected in the Russian Federation as part of a multicenter, prospective, epidemiological study of the antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens causing community-acquired UTI in different subsets of patients (“DARMIS-2018”) were included in the analysis. Uropathogens were isolated from children and adults of both sexes in all age groups with acute (and recurrences of chronic) community-acquired UTIs, including pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria in 32 centers of 24 cities of Russia in 2017–2018.

Recent emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria that hydrolyze most β-lactams, including carbapenems, are a major concern for antimicrobial therapy worldwide, including Russia. This paper presents a comparative review of …

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to global public health and requires closer attention from the medical community. Antibiotic resistance monitoring systems play a key role in observing the antimicrobial susceptibility changes for rational …

In order to study etiology and antimicrobial resistance rates in Gram-negative pathogens of nosocomial pneumonia, a total of 1410 isolates obtained from sputum in 75 ICU patients with nosocomial pneumonia in 2012 and 2017 was tested. The most common …

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of acquired carbapenemase genes among A. baumannii isolates collected from blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and Methods. This prospective multicenter study included A. baumannii isolated from blood culture in hematological patients in 7 Russian hospitals (2003–2015). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem and imipenem were determined by broth microdilution method (CLSI, 2017). All A. baumannii isolates were tested by multiplex real-time PCR for presence of acquired carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24⁄40-like, blaOXA-58-like, blaNDM-like, blaVIM-like and blaIMP-like).

Objective. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalance of genes blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales isolates collected from blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and methods. The prospective multicenter study included Enterobacterales isolates collected from blood culture in hematological patients from 10 Russian hospitals (2003-2015). The isolates were screened for ESBLs by the phenotypic methods (CLSI 2017). Genes encoding TEM, SHV and CTX-M were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by specific primers.

Objective. To characterize the population structure and determine the genetic mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial isolates of P. aeruginosa collected in Moscow in 2012-2016. Materials and methods. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were collected in two pediatric hospitals in Moscow. Antibiotics susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates was assessed using the E-tests and disk-diffusion method. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used for genotyping of the isolates. The presence of metallo-betalactamase (MBL) genes was determined using real-time PCR.