Antimicrobial Resistance

Objective. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalance of genes blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales isolates collected from blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and methods. The prospective multicenter study included Enterobacterales isolates collected from blood culture in hematological patients from 10 Russian hospitals (2003-2015). The isolates were screened for ESBLs by the phenotypic methods (CLSI 2017). Genes encoding TEM, SHV and CTX-M were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by specific primers.

Objective. To characterize the population structure and determine the genetic mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial isolates of P. aeruginosa collected in Moscow in 2012-2016. Materials and methods. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were collected in two pediatric hospitals in Moscow. Antibiotics susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates was assessed using the E-tests and disk-diffusion method. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used for genotyping of the isolates. The presence of metallo-betalactamase (MBL) genes was determined using real-time PCR.

Objective. To assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). Materials and Methods. A total of 5539 Enterobacterales isolates recovered from hospitalized patients in 52 medical institutions in 27 cities in Russia in 2014-2016 were tested. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using broth microdilution method according to ISO 20776-1:2006. Avibactam was tested in combinations with beta-lactams at fixed concentration of 4 mg/l. AST results were interpreted according to EUCAST v8.

Objective. To select an optimal (in terms of influence on the antibiotic resistance level) and cost-effective structure of antibiotic consumption in a hospital in the management of patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Materials and Methods. Based on the literature data as well as a real practice of antibiotic administration, the cost of treatment of an acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis case with different regimens of initial antimicrobial treatment was calculated. Using mathematical modeling, changes in antimicrobial resistance of E.

Objective. To investigate genetic determinants of resistance to antimicrobial agents recommended for the treatment of syphilis and assess their prevalence in molecular subtypes of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum in the Russian Federation over the period of 2014-2017. Materials and Methods. A total of 161 clinical isolates of T. pallidum obtained from Tyva, Stavropol, Irkutsk, Kaluga, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions were included in this study. Genetic material of T. pallidum was detected by PCR with primers to polA gene.

Objective. To study antibiotic resistance and its association with serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized children with community-acquired ENT infections in Belarus during 2013-2016 and to analyze a potential for the use of different antibiotic classes in the treatment of those infections. Materials and Methods. A total of 115 strains isolated from children with acute otitis media and 18 strains isolated from children with acute rhinosinusitis were tested. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a broth microdilution method.

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. isolated from blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and Methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 427 Enterococcus spp. collected from 10 hospitals in 8 cities of Russia in 2002-2016 as part of the multicenter study was tested by the broth microdilution method [CLSI 2015]. Results. Among bloodstream pathogens there was a prevalence of E. faecium (78.2%), followed by E. faecalis (19.7%) and other Enterococcus spp.

Objective. To detect vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) using chromogenic selective medium CHROMagar™VRE (CHROMagar, France). Materials and Methods. In the first part of the study, a total of 39 vancomycin-resistant and 20 vancomycinsusceptible Enterococcus spp. isolated from blood culture with known susceptibility profiles were incubated on the CHROMagar™VRE (CHROMagar, France) and examined after 24 h and 48 h of incubation. In the second part of the study, a total of 110 rectal swabs were taken from patients with hematological malignancies and incubated on the CHROMagar™VRE.

Objective. To determine susceptibility of C. glabrata isolates to anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin using the SensititreTM YeastOneTM system. Materials and Methods. C. glabrata isolates were taken prospectively from clinical specimens or from strains collections in the participating sites. Susceptibility determination was performed using SensititreTM YeastOneTM (YO10 panel) according to the manufacturer’s guidance, and results were interpreted with M27-A3 CLSI guidelines. Susceptibility of C. glabrata to fluconazole was also determined in order to assess possible correlations of echinocandins and fluconazole minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in resistant strains.

Objective. To study the antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline in adult patients in the Smolensk region. Materials and Methods. Overall, 573 adult patients were included in 2015-2017 and 210 – in 20092010 with positive rapid urease test at the time of gastroscopy for dyspeptic complaints. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of H. pylori isolates to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, levofloxacin and tetracycline was performed by the agar dilution method.