Аннотация
В последнее время популярной темой для исследований становится влияние человеческого микробиома на развитие неинфекционных хронических болезней, в том числе псориаза. Важной задачей является получение ответа на вопрос: являются ли изменения в составе кожной микробиоты причиной или следствием воспалительных процессов при псориазе? В данном обзоре представлен комплексный подход к изучению рассматриваемой проблемы и установлению связи изменений микробиологического пейзажа с микроэкологическими особенностями кожи. В ходе анализа научной литературы изучаются условия обитания кожных микроорганизмов в норме, участие микробиоты в поддержании микроэкологического гомеостаза кожи, нарушения функций кожной микробиоты при развитии псориаза. Рассматриваются различные паттерны отклонений состава микробиологических сообществ при данном заболевании, такие как увеличение доли отдельных патогенов (Staphylococcus aureus и Streptococcus pyogenes) и снижение численности микроорганизмов, ограничивающих рост патогенной флоры (Staphylococcus epidermidis и Cutibacterium acnes). В данном обзоре также уделяется внимание определенным противоречиям различных исследований кожной микробиоты при псориазе, что, скорее всего, может быть связано с вариабельными методологическими подходами. Важно развивать способы изучения состава кожной микробиоты, в том числе на уровне штаммов, с целью установления микробиологических предикторов ремиссии и обострений, а также оценки эффективности проводимой терапии.
ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Самара, Россия
Научно-образовательный профессиональный центр генетических и лабораторных технологий ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Самара, Россия
ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Самара, Россия
ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Самара, Россия
Научно-образовательный профессиональный центр генетических и лабораторных технологий ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Самара, Россия
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