Аннотация
Инвазивные инфекции, вызванные грибами рода Candida, представляют собой наиболее часто встречающиеся инвазивные микозы у детей различных возрастных групп. Недоношенные новорождённые, особенно новорождённые с низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела при рождении, имеют очень высокие показатели летальности, с наиболее высокими цифрами при нарушениях развития центральной нервной системы. Среди детей более старшего возраста, по аналогии со взрослыми, ключевые группы риска по развитию инвазивного кандидоза составляют тяжёлые пациенты, находящиеся в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии, а также дети с онкогематологическими заболеваниями, имеющие иммуносупрессию. Выбор препаратов для терапии инвазивного кандидоза у детей, и особенно у новорождённых, требует взвешенного подхода, что связано с физиологическими особенностями детского организма, особенностям течения инфекционного процесса, различиями в фармакокинетике препаратов, а также зарегистрированными показаниями для применения того или иного препарата в конкретной стране, включая возрастные ограничения. В данном обзоре будут кратко представлены подходы к терапии и профилактике инвазивных микозов, вызванных грибами рода Candida, у детей и новорождённых, на основании существующих практических рекомендаций. Умышленно в статье не будут освещены вопросы диагностики инвазивного кандидоза, а также особенности клинической фармакологии противогрибковых препаратов у детей, что можно найти в ряде полноценных литературных обзоров.
НИИ антимикробной химиотерапии ФГБОУ ВО СГМУ Минздрава России, Смоленск, Россия
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