Обзор Европейских рекомендаций по диагностике клещевых бактериальных инфекций | КМАХ

Обзор Европейских рекомендаций по диагностике клещевых бактериальных инфекций

Клиническая Микробиология и Антимикробная Химиотерапия. 2005; 7(2):130-153

​ Малеев В.В.
Borrelia болезнь Лайма Rickettsia клещевые трансмиссивные инфекции рекомендации
Раздел
Болезни и возбудители
Тип
Журнальная статья
Публикация
Клиническая Микробиология и Антимикробная Химиотерапия. 2005; 7(2):130-153

Аннотация

По материалам рекомендаций ESCAR (Исследовательская группа Европейского общества по клинической микробиологии и инфекционным болезням по изучению Coxiella, Anaplasma, Rickettsia и Bartonella и Европейской наблюдательной сети по клещевым инфекциям).

Клещи представляют собой облигатных акарид-гематофагов, паразитирующих на всех классах позвоночных (включая человека) и широко распространённых во всём мире. Повышение осведомлённости врачей-клиницистов и научных исследователей о переносимых клещами болезнях привело к получению в последние годы новой информации о ряде клещевых бактериальных инфекций. С момента выявления роли Borrelia burgdorferi как возбудителя болезни Лайма в 1982 г., в Европе было описано 11 бактериальных патогенов, переносимых клещами. Этиологическая диагностика клещевых трансмиссивных инфекций часто вызывает затруднения и основывается на данных специфических тестов, проводимых в специализированных лабораториях. Интерпретация полученных результатов чрезвычайно важна для постановки диагноза. Данные рекомендации были составлены с целью оказать помощь врачам-клиницистам и микробиологам в диагностике инфекций, передающихся в результате присасывания клеща, и обеспечить лучшее понимание данной группы заболеваний научной и медицинской общественностью.

  • 1. Brouqui P., Bacellar F., Baranton G., et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis of tick-borne bacterial diseases in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:1108-32.
  • 2. Parola P., Raoult D. Tick-borne bacterial diseases emerging in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7:80-3.
  • 3. Ананьева Л.П. Лайм-боррелиоз, или иксодовые клещевые боррелиозы. I часть: этиология, клиника, диагностика. Инфекции и антимикробная терапия 2002; 4(2):42.
  • 4. Fournier P.E., Tissot-Dupont H., Gallais H., et al. Rickettsia mongolotimonae: a rare pathogen in France. Emerg Infect Dis 2000; 6:290-2.
  • 5. Raoult D., Lakos A., Fenollar F., et al. Spotless rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia slovaca and associated with Dermacentor ticks. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:1331-6.
  • 6. Fournier P.E., Gunnenberger F., Jaulhac B., et al. Evidence of Rickettsia helvetica infection in humans, Eastern France. Emerg Infect Dis 2000; 6:389-92.
  • 7. Bacellar F., Beati L., Franca A., et al. Israeli spotted fever rickettsia (Rickettsia conorii complex) associated with human disease in Portugal. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5:835-6.
  • 8. Tarasevich I.V., Makarova V.A., Fetisova N.F., et al. Astrakhan fever, a spotted-fever rickettsiosis. Lancet 1991; 337:172-3.
  • 9. Raoult D., Fournier P.E., Fenollar F., et al. Rickettsia africae, a tick-borne pathogen in travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1504-10.
  • 10. Paddock C.D., Sumner J.W., Comer J.A., et al. Rickettsia parkeri: a newly recognized cause of spotted fever rickettsiosis in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:805-11.
  • 11. Jensenius M., Fournier P.E., Hellum K.B., et al. Sequential changes in hematologic and biochemical parameters in African tick bite fever. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 9:678-83.
  • 12. La Scola B., Raoult D. Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsioses: current approaches to diagnosis of old and new rickettsial diseases. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:2715-27.
  • 13. Fournier P.E., Jensenius M., Laferl H., et al. Kinetics of antibody responses in Rickettsia africae and Rickettsia conorii infections. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002; 9:324-8.
  • 14. Rolain J.M., Shpynov S., Raoult D. Spotted-fever-group rickettsioses in north Asia. Lancet 2003; 362:1939.
  • 15. Teysseire N. Raoult D. Comparison of Western immunoblotting and microimmunofluorescence for diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:455-60.
  • 16. Chen S.M., Dumler J.S., Bakken J.S., et al. Identification of a granulocytotropic Ehrlichia species as the etiologic agent of human disease. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:589-95.
  • 17. Parola P., Beati L., Cambon M., et al. Ehrlichial DNA amplified from Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in France. J Med Entomol 1998; 35:180-3.
  • 18. Petrovec M., Sumner J.W., Nicholson W.L., et al. Identity of ehrlichial DNA sequences derived from Ixodes ricinus ticks with those obtained from patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Slovenia. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:209-10.
  • 19. Liz J.S., Anderes L., Sumner J.W., et al. PCR detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in western Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1002-7.
  • 20. Schouls L.M., Van De Pol I., Rijpkema S.G., et al. Detection and identification of Ehrlichia, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Bartonella species in Dutch Ixodes ricinus ticks. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:2215-22.
  • 21. Cinco M., Padovan D., Murgia R., et al. Coexistence of Ehrlichia phagocytophila and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Italy as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:3365-6.
  • 22. Christova I.S., Dumler J.S. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Bulgaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 60:58-61.
  • 23. Jenkins A., Kristiansen B.E., Allum A.G., et al. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia spp. in Ixodes ticks from southern Norway. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3666-71.
  • 24. Alekseev A.N., Dubinina H.V., Semenov A.V., et al. Evidence of ehrlichiosis agents found in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from migratory birds. J Med Entomol 2001; 38:471-4.
  • 25. Baumgarten B.U., Rollinghoff M., Bogdan C. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks from southern Germany. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:3448-51.
  • 26. Alberdi M.P., Walker A.R., Paxton E.A., et al. Natural prevalence of infection with Ehrlichia (Cytoecetes) phagocytophila of Ixodes ricinus ticks in Scotland. Vet Parasitol 1998; 78:203-13.
  • 27. Oteo J.A., Gil H., Barral M., et al. Presence of granulocytic ehrlichia in ticks and serological evidence of human infection in La Rioja, Spain. Epidemiol Infect 2001; 127:353-8.
  • 28. Petrovec M., Lotric F.S., Zupanc T.A., et al. Human disease in Europe caused by a granulocytic Ehrlichia species. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:1556-9.
  • 29. Brouqui P. Ehrlichiosis in Europe. In: Raoult D., Brouqui P., editors. Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases at the turn of the third millenium. Paris: Elsevier; 1999. p. 220-32.
  • 30. Brouqui P., Dumler J.S., Lienhard R., et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Europe. Lancet 1995; 346:782-3.
  • 31. van Dobbenburgh A., van Dam A.P., Fikrig E. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in western Europe. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:1214-6.
  • 32. Karlsson U., Bjoersdorff A., Massung R.F., et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis clinical case in Scandinavia. Scand J Infect Dis 2001; 33:73-4.
  • 33. Bjoersdorff A., Wittesjo B., Berglun J., et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis as a common cause of tick-associated fever in Southeast Sweden: report from a prospective clinical study. Scand J Infect Dis 2002; 34:187-91.
  • 34. Lotric-Furlan S., Petrovec M., Zupanc T.A., et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Europe: clinical and laboratory findings for four patients from Slovenia. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27:424-8.
  • 35. Lotric-Furlan S., Petrovec M., Avsic-Zupanc T., et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Slovenia. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 990:279-84.
  • 36. Oteo J.A., Blanco J.R., Martinez D.A., et al. First report of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis from southern Europe (Spain). Emerg Infect Dis 2000; 6:430-2.
  • 37. Walder G., Falkensammer B., Aigner J., et al. First documented case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2003; 115:263-6.
  • 38. Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S., Chmielewski T., Kondrusik M., et al. First cases of acute human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Poland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20:196-8.
  • 39. Remy V., Hansmann Y., De Martino S.J., et al. Human anaplasmosis presenting as atypical pneumonitis in France. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:846-8.
  • 40. Lotric-Furlan S., Avsic-Zupanc T., Petrovec M., et al. Clinical and serological follow-up of patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Slovenia. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001; 8:899-903.
  • 41. Lotric-Furlan S., Petrovec M., Avsic-Zupanc T., et al. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory distinction between human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and the initial phase of tick-borne encephalitis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2002; 114:636-40.
  • 42. Bjoersdorff A., Bagert B., Massung R.F., et al. Isolation and characterization of two European strains of Ehrlichia phagocytophila of equine origin. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002; 9:341-3.
  • 43. Edelman D.C., Dumler J.S. Evaluation of an improved PCR diagnostic assay for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Mol Diagn 1996; 1:41-9.
  • 44. Walls J.J., Caturegli P., Bakken J.S., et al. Improved sensitivity of PCR for diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis using epank1 genes of Ehrlichia phagocytophila-group ehrlichiae. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:354-6.
  • 45. Massung R.F., Slater K.G. Comparison of PCR assays for detection of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:717-22.
  • 46. Baranton G., Postic D., Saint Girons I., et al. Delineation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii sp. nov., and group VS461 associated with Lyme borreliosis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1992; 42:378-83.
  • 47. Canica M.M., Nato F., du Merle L., et al. Monoclonal antibodies for identification of Borrelia afzelii sp. nov. associated with late cutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Scand J Infect Dis 1993; 25:441-8.
  • 48. James A.M., Liveris D., Wormser G.P., et al. Borrelia lonestari infection after a bite by an Amblyomma americanum tick. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:1810-4.
  • 49. Kawabata H., Masuzawa T., Yanagihara Y. Genomic analysis of Borrelia japonica sp. nov. isolated from Ixodes ovatus in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 1993; 37:843-8.
  • 50. Marconi R.T., Liveris D., Schwartz I. Identification of novel insertion elements, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, and discontinuous 23S rRNA in Lyme disease spirochetes: phylogenetic analyses of rRNA genes and their intergenic spacers in Borrelia japonica sp. nov. and genomic group 21038 (Borrelia andersonii sp. nov.) isolates. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:2427-34.
  • 51. Le Fleche A., Postic D., Girardet K., et al. Characterization of Borrelia lusitaniae sp. nov. by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:921-5.
  • 52. Fukunaga M., Takahashi Y., Tsuruta Y., et al. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of Borrelia miyamotoi sp. nov., isolated from the ixodid tick Ixodes persulcatus, the vector for Lyme disease in Japan. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45:804-10.
  • 53. Fukunaga M., Hamase A., Okada K., et al. Borrelia tanukii sp. nov. and Borrelia turdae sp. nov. found from ixodid ticks in Japan: rapid species identification by 16S rRNA gene-targeted PCR analysis. Microbiol Immunol 1996; 40:877-81.
  • 54. Wang G., van Dam A.P., Le Fleche A., et al. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of Borrelia valaisiana sp. nov. (Borrelia genomic groups VS116 and M19). Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:926-32.
  • 55. Wilske B., Schriefer M.E. Borrelia. In: Murray P.R., Baron E.J., Jorgensen J.H., Pfaller M.A., Yolken R.H., editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. Washington: ASM Press; 2003. p. 937-54.
  • 56. Eiffert H., Ohlenbusch A., Christen H.J., et al. Nondifferentiation between Lyme-disease spirochetes from vector ticks and human cerebrospinal fluid. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:476-9.
  • 57. Jaulhac B., Heller R., Limbach F.X., et al. Direct molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferisensu lato species in synovial samples from patients with lyme arthritis. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1895-900.
  • 58. Berger B.W., Johnson R.C., Kodner C., et al. Cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi from erythema migrans lesions and perilesional skin. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:359-61.
  • 59. Asbrink E., Hovmark A. Early and late cutaneous manifestations in Ixodes-borne borreliosis (erythema migrans borreliosis, Lyme borreliosis). Ann NY Acad Sci 1988; 539:415.
  • 60. Wilske B., Zöller L., Brade V., et al. MIQ 12 Lyme-Borreliose. In: Mauch H., Lütticken R., editors. Qualitätsstandards in der mikrobiologisch infektiologischen diagnostik. München:Urban and Fischer, 2000.
  • 61. Wilske B., Schierz G., PreacMursic V., et al. Serological diagnosis of erythema migrans disease and related disorders. Infection 1984; 12:331-7.
  • 62. Wilske B., Fingerle V., Herzer P., et al. Recombinant immunoblot in the serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosiscomparison with indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Med Microbiol Immunol 1993; 182:255-70.
  • 63. Wilske B., Fingerle V., PreacMursic V., et al. Immunoblot using recombinant antigens derived from different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Med Microbiol Immunol 1994; 183:43-59.
  • 64. Schulte-Spechtel U., Lehnert G., Liegl G., et al. Significant improvement of the recombinant Borrelia-specific immunoglobulin G immunoblot test by addition of VlsE and a DbpA homologue derived from Borrelia garinii for diagnosis of early neuroborreliosis. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:1299-303.
  • 65. Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Proceedings of the second national conference on serological diagnosis of Lyme disease. Fort Collins, CO: Centers for Disease Control, 1995; 17.
  • 66. Brettschneider S., Bruckbauer H., Klugbauer N., et al. Diagnostic value of PCR for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in skin biopsy and urine samples from patients with skin borreliosis. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:2658-65.
  • 67. Stanek G., O’Connell S., Cimmino M., et al. European Union Concerted Action on Risk Assessment in Lyme Borreliosis: clinical case definitions for Lyme borreliosis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1996; 108:741-7.
  • 68. Gurycova D. First isolation of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis in Europe. Eur J Epidemiol 1998; 14:797-802.
  • 69. Morner T. The ecology of tularaemia. Rev Sci Tech 1992; 11:1123-30.
  • 70. Syrjala H., Kujala P., Myllyla V., et al. Airborne transmission of tularemia in farmers. Scand J Infect Dis 1985; 17:371-5.
  • 71. Anda P., Segura D.P., Diaz Garcia J.M., et al. Waterborne outbreak of tularemia associated with crayfish fishing. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7:575-82.
  • 72. Bachiller L.P., Perez Castrillon J.L., Martin L.M., et al. Preliminary report of an epidemic tularemia outbreak in Valladolid. Rev Clin Esp 1998; 198:789-93.
  • 73. Montejo M., Perez-Irezabal J., Gonzalez D.Z., et al. Tularemia: report of 16 cases in the Castilla-Leon community. Rev Clin Esp 1998; 198:794-8.
  • 74. Luotonen J., Syrjala H., Jokinen K., et al. Tularemia in otolaryngologic practice. An analysis of 127 cases. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1986; 112:77-80.
  • 75. Roy T.M., Fleming D., Anderson W.H. Tularemic pneumonia mimicking Legionnaires’ disease with false-positive direct fluorescent antibody stains for Legionella. South Med J 1989; 82:1429-31.
  • 76. Syrjala H., Koskela P., Kujala P., et al. GuillainBarre syndrome and tularemia pleuritis with high adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluid. Infection 1989; 17:152-3.
  • 77. Blanco J.R., Gutierrez C., Zabalza M., et al. Clinical microbiological case: sore throat and painful bilateral cervical lymph nodes. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7:636-7.
  • 78. Sato T., Fujita H., Ohara Y., et al. Microagglutination test for early and specific serodiagnosis of tularemia. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:2372-4.
  • 79. Hollis D.G., Weaver R.E., Steigerwalt A.G., et al. Francisella philomiragia comb. nov. (formerly Yersinia philomiragia) and Francisella tularensis biogroup novicida (formerly Francisella novicida) associated with human disease. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:1601-8.
  • 80. Evans M.E., Gregory D.W., Schaffner W., et al. Tularemia: a 30-year experience with 88 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 1985; 64:251-69.
  • 81. Taylor J.P., Istre G.R., McChesney T.C., et al. Epidemiologic characteristics of human tularemia in the southwestcentral states, 1981-1987. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133:1032-8.
  • 82. Limaye A.P., Hooper C.J. Treatment of tularemia with fluoroquinolones: two cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:922-4.
  • 83. Scofield R.H., Lopez E.J., McNabb S.J. Tularemia pneumonia in Oklahoma, 1982-1987. J Okla State Med Assoc 1992; 85:165-70.
  • 84. Fournier P.E., Bernabeu L., Schubert B., et al. Isolation of Francisella tularensis by centrifugation of shell vial cell culture from an inoculation eschar. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:2782-3.
  • 85. Dolan S.A., Dommaraju C.B., DeGuzman G.B. Detection of Francisella tularensis in clinical specimens by use of polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:764-5.
  • 86. Johansson A., Berglund L., Eriksson U., et al. Comparative analysis of PCR versus culture for diagnosis of ulceroglandular tularemia. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:22-6.
  • 87. Forsman M., Sandstrom G., Sjostedt A. Analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of Francisella strains and utilization for determination of the phylogeny of the genus and for identification of strains by PCR. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1994; 44:38-46.
  • 88. Sandstrom G., Sjostedt A., Forsman M., et al. Characterization and classification of strains of Francisella tularensis isolated in the central Asian focus of the Soviet Union and in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:172-5.
  • 89. de la Puente-Redondo V.A., del Blanco N.G., Gutierrez-Martin C.B., et al. Comparison of different PCR approaches for typing of Francisella tularensis strains. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1016-22.
  • 90. Johansson A., Ibrahim A., Goransson I., et al. Evaluation of PCR-based methods for discrimination of Francisella species and subspecies and development of a specific PCR that distinguishes the two major subspecies of Francisella tularensis. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:4180-5.
  • 91. Karlsson J., Prior R.G., Williams K., et al. Sequencing of the Francisella tularensis strain Schu 4 genome reveals the shikimate and purine metabolic pathways, targets for the construction of a rationally attenuated auxotrophic vaccine. Microb Comp Genomics 2000; 5:25-39.
  • 92. Case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 1997; 46:1-55.
  • 93. Anda P., Sanchez-Yebra W., del Mar V., et al. A new Borrelia species isolated from patients with relapsing fever in Spain. Lancet 1996; 348:162-5.
  • 94. Fraenkel C.J., Garpmo U., Berglund J. Determination of novel Borrelia genospecies in Swedish Ixodes ricinus ticks. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:3308-12.
  • 95. van Dam A.P., van Gool T., Wetsteyn J.C., et al. Tick-borne relapsing fever imported from West Africa: diagnosis by quantitative buffy coat analysis and in vitro culture of Borrelia crocidurae. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:2027-30.
  • 96. Parola P., Inokuma H., Camicas J.L., et al. Detection and identification of spotted fever group Rickettsiae and Ehrlichiae in African ticks. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7:1014-7.
Просмотров
0 Аннотация
0 PDF
0 Цитирования
Поделились