Аннотация
В настоящих рекомендациях представлена информация о диагностике, антибактериальной терапии и профилактике нозокомиальной пневмонии (НП) у взрослых пациентов. Они не относятся к ведению пациентов с выраженными нарушениями иммунитета (ВИЧ-инфекцией, лекарственной нейтропенией, после трансплантации органов, онкогематологическими заболеваниями). Категория пациентов с данной нозологической формой включает: пациентов с пневмонией, развившейся спустя 48 ч и более от момента госпитализации (собственно НП); пациентов с вентиляторассоциированной пневмонией (ВАП); пациентов с пневмонией, которые в предшествующие 90 дней находились в стационаре в течение 2 суток и более, а также пациентов с пневмонией, находящихся в домах инвалидов и домах престарелых. В последние годы зарубежные специалисты предлагают рассматривать в данном разделе инфекционной патологии более широкое понятие — «пневмония, связанная с оказанием медицинской помощи» («healthcare-associated pneumonia»). Однако, в данных рекомендациях будут рассмотрены принципы диагностики и антимикробной терапии только двух наиболее важных, чётко определённых и хорошо изученных состояний — НП и ВАП.
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