Нозокомиальные инфекции: эпидемиология, патогенез, профилактика, контроль | КМАХ

Нозокомиальные инфекции: эпидемиология, патогенез, профилактика, контроль

Клиническая Микробиология и Антимикробная Химиотерапия. 2000; 2(1):16-30

​ Козлов Р.С.
нозокомиальные инфекции эпидемиология антибиотикорезистентность
Раздел
Болезни и возбудители
Тип
Журнальная статья
Публикация
Клиническая Микробиология и Антимикробная Химиотерапия. 2000; 2(1):16-30

Аннотация

Предлагаемый обзор литературы посвящен одной из самых актуальных проблем современной медицины - нозокомиальным инфекциям (НИ). Рассмотрены критерии НИ, вопросы эпидемиологии, патогенеза, происхождения, факторы риска развития НИ. Особое внимание уделено экономическим потерям от развития НИ на основе данных контролируемых исследований стоимости лечения пациентов с НИ различной локализации. Приведены данные о фенотипах и механизмах антимикробной резистентности этих групп микроорганизмов. Отражены современные подходы к профилактике и контролю НИ с указанием преимуществ и недостатков ряда широко используемых методов. Приведены данные о структуре НИ, их особенностях в многопрофильных стационарах и у особых категорий пациентов. Указаны независимые факторы риска развития отдельных видов НИ. Сформулированы общие принципы антимикробной терапии НИ. Подчеркнута важность проведения многоцентровых исследований резистентности возбудителей НИ согласно международным стандартам, так как данные, полученные в хорошо спланированных многоцентровых исследованиях антимикробной резистентности, представляют не только эпидемиологическую ценность, но и служат основой для выработки рекомендаций по включению/исключению антибиотиков в локальные лекарственные формуляры.

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