nosocomial infections

Objective. To evaluate frequency of pharyngeal and rectal mucosa colonization by K. pneumoniae strains in infants with congenital heart defects at the stage of cardiosurgical hospital admission, as well as dynamic analysis of production frequency and molecular structure of K. pneumoniae carbapenemases. Materials and Methods. A total of 1445 patients with risk factors (antibiotic therapy in the anamnesis, emergency hospitalization, transfer from other hospitals) admitted for surgical treatment of congenital heart defects (CHDs) between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022 were included in the retrospective analysis.

Objective. To study spectrum of pathogens and the time to colonization of respiratory samples in patients with severe and critical COVID-19 as well as to analyze incidence of nosocomial infections and structure of prescribed antibacterial drugs. Materials and Methods. The prospective observational study included patients aged 18 years and older with confirmed severe and critical COVID-19 from December 2021 to February 2022. During the first 48 hours and then every 2–3 days of hospitalization, a respiratory sample was collected: sputum, tracheal aspirate (if intubated), bronchoalveolar lavage (if bronchoscopy was performed) for microscopy and microbiological examination.

Objective. To determine resistant microorganisms carriage, the frequency and etiology of postoperative infectious complications in high-risk infants with congenital heart defects (CHD). Materials and Methods. The retrospective analysis included 489 patients admitted for surgical treatment for CHD. The median age was 0.23 (0–12) months. Swabs were taken from the oropharynx and rectum for microbiological examination no later than 72 hours after admission (a total of 978 samples). The growth of resistant microorganisms (ESBL and/or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, resistant non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and VRE) was recorded.

Objective. To assess antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of resistance genes and determine the phenotypic groups of K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of children with nosocomial infections in intensive care units from 2014 to 2020. Materials and Methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined using the serial broth microdilution method. The identification of genes encoding the production of carbapenemases was carried out using hybridization fluorescence detection.

The analysis of the current state of antimicrobial resistance was performed and used as the basis for the implementation of modern tools of antimicrobial stewardship program in hospital practice. As a result, the structure of nosocomial pathogens and …

This review summarizes published data on the use of chlorhexidine for the prevention of nosocomial infections in the intensive care units (ICU). The use of a 0.5–2.0% alcohol solution of chlorhexidine is strongly recommended for the surgical site …

Objective. To evaluate Staphylococcus species diversity and methicillin resistance in nosocomial infections. Materials and Methods. Staphylococci isolated from blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, post-operative wound exudates, urine and other samples were identified to species level with MALDITOF mass-spectrometry. Methicillin resistance was evaluated according to EUCAST guidelines. Results. A total of 3239 consecutive Staphylococcus strains isolated in a tertiary-care medical centre, accumulating patients from all Russian regions were identified in 2016–2017 as 1460 (45.

Objective. Objectives. To assess the rates of antibiotic resistance and production of acquired carbapenemases in nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter spp., and to determine the genotypes and prevalence of “international high-risk clones” among nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in various regions of Russia within the “MARATHON 2015–2016” study. Materials and Methods. A total of 1005 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter spp., including 975 isolates of A. baumannii, collected in 44 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015– 2016 were studied.

Objective. Objectives. To assess the rates of antibiotic resistance, production of acquired carbapenemases, genotypes and prevalence of «international high-risk clones» among nosocomial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in various regions of Russia within the «MARATHON 2015–2016» study. Materials and Methods. A total of 1006 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of P. aeruginosa collected in 44 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015–2016 were studied. Species identification of isolates was performed by means of MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry.

Objective. To assess rates of antimicrobial resistance and production of the clinically important acquired resistance mechanisms (extended spectrum beta-lactamases [ESBL] and carbapenemases) in nosocomial strains of Enterobacterales, and to determine genotypes and prevalence of “international high-risk clones” among carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in various Russian regions within the “MARATHON 2015–2016“ study. Materials and Methods. A total of 2786 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of Enterobacterales, including 1316 isolates of K. pneumoniae and 837 isolates of Escherichia coli isolated in 49 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015–2016 were studied.