Enterobacterales

Objective. To assess rates of antimicrobial resistance and production of the clinically important acquired resistance mechanisms (extended spectrum beta-lactamases [ESBL] and carbapenemases) in nosocomial strains of Enterobacterales, and to determine genotypes and prevalence of “international high-risk clones” among carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in various Russian regions within the “MARATHON 2015–2016“ study. Materials and Methods. A total of 2786 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of Enterobacterales, including 1316 isolates of K. pneumoniae and 837 isolates of Escherichia coli isolated in 49 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015–2016 were studied.

Objective. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalance of genes blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales isolates collected from blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and methods. The prospective multicenter study included Enterobacterales isolates collected from blood culture in hematological patients from 10 Russian hospitals (2003-2015). The isolates were screened for ESBLs by the phenotypic methods (CLSI 2017). Genes encoding TEM, SHV and CTX-M were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by specific primers.

Objective. To assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). Materials and Methods. A total of 5539 Enterobacterales isolates recovered from hospitalized patients in 52 medical institutions in 27 cities in Russia in 2014-2016 were tested. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using broth microdilution method according to ISO 20776-1:2006. Avibactam was tested in combinations with beta-lactams at fixed concentration of 4 mg/l. AST results were interpreted according to EUCAST v8.

Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a new combined antibacterial agent for the treatment of infections caused by gram-negative microorganisms, P. aeruginosa in particular, including strains resistant to other clinically available antimicrobials. In this paper …