bacteria

The rapid expansion of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria is perceived as a global threat to humanity, which causes significant damage to human health and leads to huge economic losses. Antibiotic resistance is a multifaceted phenomenon, one of …

This literature review was aimed to summarize information on an extracellular matrix, which is one of the most important components of microbial biofilms. Structural and biochemical characteristics of biofilms matrix produced by the most common …

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is an important and one of the most time-consuming and expensive procedures in microbiological laboratory. Use of appropriate panel of antibiotics along with correct identification of isolated pathogen make it …

Extension of spectrum of human bacterial pathogens as well as variety of their characteristics and unequal medical significance demand further study in order to extend the information on bacterial infections. This knowledge is necessary for …

Many emerging and reemerging bacterial pathogens synthesize toxins that serve as primary virulence factors. We highlight seven bacterial toxins produced by well-established or newly emergent pathogenic microbes. These toxins, which affect eukaryotic …