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Objective. To study the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult hospitalized patients after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods. The prospective multicenter study included patients 18 years and older with confirmed diagnosis of CAP admitted to 6 hospitals in different regions of Russia from July to November 2023. Etiology was confirmed by respiratory samples (sputum, tracheal aspirate) culture, blood culture (severe cases), and urinary antigen tests (Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, Streptococcus pneumoniae).

Objective. To determine etiological structure of infections in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU), identify the most common mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of leading pathogens, and develop recommendations for optimizing antimicrobial therapy in the ICU at the present stage. Materials and Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted in the surgical ICU of the Moscow City Clinical Center «Kommunarka» from September 2022 to February 2024. The subjects of observation were 2120 patients treated in the unit.

Objective. The aim of the study was to develop gradient diffusion strips with substances capable of potentiating the action of antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae. Materials and Methods. The substances azidothymidine and baicalin were used to evaluate the joint action of combinations of antibiotics with substances that potentiate their action. Determination of susceptibility to combinations of antibiotics (gentamicin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol) with the listed substances was carried out by a modified gradient-diffusion method (cross-test).

Objective. To determine the level of basic knowledge of 5–6-year medical students in the issues of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Materials and Methods. A multicenter questionnaire survey with analysis of results – stage of KANT project (full name of the project – «Physicians’ (Students’) knowledge in antimicrobials usage») conducted in 2020-2023. Results. A total of 277 students in 6 regions of Russia were surveyed. The average level of correct answers for the whole questionnaire amounted to 42.

Objective. The development of a method for identifying frequent genetic determinants of Mycobacterium leprae clinical isolates resistance to three groups of antimicrobial drugs: dapsone, rifampicin and fluoroquinolones using SNaPshot technique. Materials and Methods. The study included M. leprae clinical isolates obtained from skin biopsies of patients undergoing leprosy treatment at the Sergiev Posad branch of the State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

Objective. To study the prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including carbapenemase production, in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated in different regions of Russia as part of the sentinel multicenter surveillance study in 2020–2021, and to explore the population structure of K. pneumoniae and the impact of “high-risk clones” on antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods. Consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of K. pneumoniae (n = 2503) and E.

Objective. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of thiamphenicol and thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate against clinically significant microorganisms and determine their efficacy against microbial biofilms. Materials and Methods. This study included 48 clinical strains isolated from the sputum of patients with respiratory tract infections (16 S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus strains). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution method. Biofilm formation culturing with antibiotics, N-acetylcysteine and their combinations was assessed in Mueller-Hinton broth and brain heart broth in 96-well plates.

Objective. To study virulence genes in E. faecium and E. faecalis isolated from the blood cultures of patients with hematological diseases. Materials and Methods. Virulence genes were studied in E. faecium and E. faecalis strains isolated from blood culture from hematological patients in four Russian hospitals (2002–2020). Susceptibility to vancomycin was determined by broth microdilution method (CLSI, 2022). Virulence genes (esp, hyl, asa1, cylA and gelE) in E. faecium and E.

Objective. To develop the method for determining the viability of M. leprae using polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Materials and Methods. 54 scarifications and 10 biopsies of the skin of patients with leprosy were studied. Ribosomal 16S rRNA genes were used as a target. Results. The high sensitivity and specificity of the developed real-time reverse transcription PCR method was established. M. leprae were detected on average 2 times more often by RT-PCR compared with the bacterioscopy method both before treatment and after its six-month course (p < 0.

Objective. To conduct a comparative evaluation of the results of phenotypic and molecular genetic methods for testing drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from bone biopsies of patients with tuberculous spondylitis. Materials and Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on the case histories of patients diagnosed with tuberculous spondylitis who underwent surgical treatment in the period from 2016 to 2021. The main study subject was surgical material. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of MBT isolates was performed using phenotypic and molecular genetic methods.