Abstract
To cause an infection viruses have to overcome diverse host defense mechanisms. The system exploited in certain human cells to prevent HIV replication was obscure for a long time until the discovery of a human protein APOBEC3G present in nonpermissive cell lines. It is involved in antiviral defense through attacking viral DNA as it is synthesized in infected cells. In contrast HIV was found to possess the vif gene (viral infectivity protein) which blocks APOBEC3G activity and allows viral replication. APOBEC3G represents a new member of the antiviral cell defense system, considered as a part of intracellular immunity acting simultaneously with the conventional adaptive immune system.
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