Personal Experience

Objective. Introduction. Selective digestive decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) with non-absorbable antibiotics is considered a promising approach to reduce the risk of infections in critically ill patients. However, the widespread circulation of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, including carbapenemresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, significantly reduces the efficacy of conventional SDD regimens based on colistin monotherapy. The key reason for failures is the wide «mutant selection window» – a range of antibiotic concentrations insufficient to suppress the growth of resistant subpopulations.

Objective. To investigate the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the lower respiratory tract in hospitalized patients with tuberculosis and HIV coinfection. Materials and Methods. A total of 378 sputum samples from 147 patients at the Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute (Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) were collected and analyzed between 2021 and 2024. Sputum samples were obtained according to standardized protocols to minimize contamination with upper respiratory tract microflora and ensure representativeness of the lower respiratory tract biota.

Objective. To identify associations between functional polymorphisms in genes of the immune, endothelial, and coagulation systems and the severity and outcomes of sepsis to validate genetic risk predictors. Materials and Methods. This single-center prospective study included 124 patients aged of 1 month to 28 years with hematological malignancies, in whom 152 cases of sepsis were recorded. Genotyping of 20 polymorphic variants in 16 genes was performed using capillary Sanger sequencing.

Objective. To study structure of pathogens of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) in children and adolescents under 18 years of age subpopulation of the Krasnoyarsk region as well as the activity of antimicrobials against the leading pathogen in order to optimize local empirical therapy of UTI. Materials and Methods. A total of 298 urine cultures were analyzed (164 in 2023 and 134 – in 2024). The urinalyses were obtained from children and adolescents with community-acquired UTI who hospitalized to the Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health in 2023–2024.

Objective. To provide a genetic characterization based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of S. aureus isolates identified in one intensive care unit (ICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods. WGS on Illumina MiSeq was performed, generating twenty S. aureus sequences isolated from patients and environmental surfaces. Bioinformatic analysis included typing, identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, virulence factors, plasmid replicons, and phylogenetic analysis. Results. Significant genetic diversity was revealed, comprising four clonal complexes (CCs): CC15 – 6⁄20 (30%), CC8 – 3⁄20 (15%), CC22 – 2⁄20 (10%), and CC97 – 2⁄20 (10%); while 7⁄20 (35%) of isolates had an indeterminate CC.

Objective. To assess quality of bacterial detection using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with accredited control materials designed for external quality control of PCR studies. Materials and Methods. Control materials obtained as part of the ISI «FSVOK» program: «DNA detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma spp., Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum by PCR (STI)», were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The control sets of samples were presented with lyophilized solutions of M.

Objective. To compare microbiota profiles of sputum and bronchial washes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis obtained using PCR and to assess clinical significance of obtained microbial profiles. Materials and Methods. We compared the results of sputum and bronchial washes using PCR-based test systems «Backscreen UPM» and «Femoflor 16» (DNA-Technology, Russia) in 51 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Results. The analysis revealed that the following dominant taxa of microorganisms were detected both in sputum and bronchial washes in the majority of patients: representatives of the genera Streptococcus, Veillonella, Prevotella, and Haemophilus.

Objective. Creation and evaluation of the effectiveness of an integrated system for automatic validation of microbiological reports and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on real time at the regional level within the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO). Materials and Methods. The prospective study was conducted from October 2023 to June 2025, based on the Medical Information and Analytical Center and five largest hospitals in the YNAO. The study design included a comparative analysis of AMR monitoring status before and after the implementation of the digital platform.

Objective. To develop and conduct the first stage of validation for a PCR test that identifies key mutations in the V domain of the 23S rRNA gene of M. pneumoniae (A2058G, A2059G, and A2062C). This test allows for the identification of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains in samples of native biological material. Materials and Methods. The study included a panel of M. pneumoniae DNA samples (n = 107) from the collection of the DeMaRes multicenter study, as well as native material (n = 52).

Objective. Determination of the antimycobacterial efficacy of a composite material impregnated with silver in relation to M. tuberculosis. Materials and Methods. Samples of the outer shell of bulk porous composite materials with antimycobacterial substances included in the structure (silver (Ag) nanoparticles, as well as silver proteinate) were obtained at the Kurchatov Institute. In total, two types of samples with different particle contents were obtained: chitosan Ag and chitosan Ag2. To obtain an outer shell with an impregnated silver proteinate complex from chitosan Primex 43040 with glutaraldehyde: an aqueous solution of silver proteinate with different concentrations («chitosan Pr» and «chitosan Pr2») was added.