Personal Experience

Objective. To develop and perform pilot prospective validation of a locally adapted pediatric version of the SCAT scale for risk stratification of resistant pathogens and justification of initial empirical antimicrobial therapy in hospitalized children in a multispecialty children’s hospital. Materials and Methods. Over the period from 15 December 2025 to 15 February 2026, a single-center prospective observational study was conducted at the Morozovskaya Children’s City Clinical Hospital. The study included two sequential phases: local adaptation of the SCAT scale for risk stratification of resistant pathogens to pediatric practice and pilot clinical validation of the adapted version.

Objective. To study prevalence of macrolide resistance mutations in Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia in Smolensk region. Materials and Methods. The study included 774 M. pneumoniae-positive samples isolated by realtime polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) from pharyngeal swab in children with communityacquired pneumonia over the period 2009–2024, including 3 epidemiological rises in the incidence of M. pneumoniae (2013–2014, 2018–2019, 2023–2024). Samples of isolated DNA were examined for nucleotide substitutions in the 23S rRNA gene at positions 2058, 2059, 2611 (E.

Objective. To assess prevalence of genetic determinants of tetracycline resistance (tetA, tetB, tetC) in Salmonella in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and to identify the most epidemiologically significant tet genes. Materials and Methods. The study included Salmonella cultures isolated in the Krasnoyarsk Territory during the diagnosis of acute intestinal infections, occupational health examinations, and sanitary-epidemiological investigations. Identification was based on morphological and staining characteristics, as well as cultural, biochemical, antigenic properties and phage lysis.

Objective. Conducting a whole-genome study and bioinformatic analysis of a Lacticaseibacillus strain to confirm taxonomic affiliation, identify genetic determinants of metabolic activity, stress resistance, and bacteriocin production as a criterion for the standardization of mono- and multi-component probiotics. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was a strain isolated from a coloproctology patient in 2024. Cultivation was carried out on MRS medium under microaerophilic conditions. Wholegenome sequencing was performed on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION platform (R10.

Objective. Introduction. Selective digestive decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) with non-absorbable antibiotics is considered a promising approach to reduce the risk of infections in critically ill patients. However, the widespread circulation of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, including carbapenemresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, significantly reduces the efficacy of conventional SDD regimens based on colistin monotherapy. The key reason for failures is the wide «mutant selection window» – a range of antibiotic concentrations insufficient to suppress the growth of resistant subpopulations.

Objective. To investigate the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the lower respiratory tract in hospitalized patients with tuberculosis and HIV coinfection. Materials and Methods. A total of 378 sputum samples from 147 patients at the Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute (Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) were collected and analyzed between 2021 and 2024. Sputum samples were obtained according to standardized protocols to minimize contamination with upper respiratory tract microflora and ensure representativeness of the lower respiratory tract biota.

Objective. To identify associations between functional polymorphisms in genes of the immune, endothelial, and coagulation systems and the severity and outcomes of sepsis to validate genetic risk predictors. Materials and Methods. This single-center prospective study included 124 patients aged of 1 month to 28 years with hematological malignancies, in whom 152 cases of sepsis were recorded. Genotyping of 20 polymorphic variants in 16 genes was performed using capillary Sanger sequencing.

Objective. To study structure of pathogens of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) in children and adolescents under 18 years of age subpopulation of the Krasnoyarsk region as well as the activity of antimicrobials against the leading pathogen in order to optimize local empirical therapy of UTI. Materials and Methods. A total of 298 urine cultures were analyzed (164 in 2023 and 134 – in 2024). The urinalyses were obtained from children and adolescents with community-acquired UTI who hospitalized to the Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health in 2023–2024.

Objective. To provide a genetic characterization based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of S. aureus isolates identified in one intensive care unit (ICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods. WGS on Illumina MiSeq was performed, generating twenty S. aureus sequences isolated from patients and environmental surfaces. Bioinformatic analysis included typing, identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, virulence factors, plasmid replicons, and phylogenetic analysis. Results. Significant genetic diversity was revealed, comprising four clonal complexes (CCs): CC15 – 6⁄20 (30%), CC8 – 3⁄20 (15%), CC22 – 2⁄20 (10%), and CC97 – 2⁄20 (10%); while 7⁄20 (35%) of isolates had an indeterminate CC.

Objective. To assess quality of bacterial detection using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with accredited control materials designed for external quality control of PCR studies. Materials and Methods. Control materials obtained as part of the ISI «FSVOK» program: «DNA detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma spp., Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum by PCR (STI)», were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The control sets of samples were presented with lyophilized solutions of M.