Antimicrobial Resistance

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from different regions of Russia during 2014–2017. Materials and Methods. A total of 792 clinical S. pyogenes isolates from 14 Russian cities were included in the study. Susceptibility testing was performed using reference broth microdilution method (ISO 207761:2006). Susceptibility testing results were interpreted using EUCAST v.10.0 breakpoints. Results. Penicillin G was active against all tested isolates with the MIC50–90 values of 0.

Objective. In this study, we examined the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. genitalium in two Russian cities, Smolensk and Tula, between 2013 and 2017. Materials and Methods. DNA’s samples were isolated from urethral and cervicovaginal swabs using primary screening and tested for macrolide resistance-associated mutations by real-time PCR. This technology makes it possible to identify any nucleotide substitutions in the 23S rRNA M. genitalium gene at positions 2058, 2059, 2611 M.

Invasive candidiasis is a common, severe and often difficult to treat complication in various categories of patients. Despite the fact that in most cases Candida albicans retains a leading position as an etiological cause, a pathogen such as Candida …

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical Haemophilus influenzae isolates from different regions of Russia during 2014–2017. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 185 clinical H. influenzae isolates from 13 Russian cities. Susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution method (ISO 207761:2006). Susceptibility testing results were interpreted using EUCAST v. 10.0 breakpoints. Results. H. influenzae isolates were highly susceptible to all (96.8%-100%) β-lactams tested (amoxicillin/ clavulanate, cefixime, ceftaroline, ceftibuten, cefditoren, ertapenem) with the exception of ampicillin (15.

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from different regions of Russia during 2014–2017. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 519 clinical S. pneumoniae isolates from 18 Russian cities. Susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution method (ISO 20776-1:2006). Susceptibility testing results were interpreted according to EUCAST v.9.0 breakpoints. Results. Using EUCAST non-meningeal interpretation criteria, 65.1% of isolates tested were susceptible (S) to penicillin; in addition 28.

Objective. Objectives. To assess the rates of antibiotic resistance and production of acquired carbapenemases in nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter spp., and to determine the genotypes and prevalence of “international high-risk clones” among nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in various regions of Russia within the “MARATHON 2015–2016” study. Materials and Methods. A total of 1005 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter spp., including 975 isolates of A. baumannii, collected in 44 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015– 2016 were studied.

Objective. Objectives. To assess the rates of antibiotic resistance, production of acquired carbapenemases, genotypes and prevalence of «international high-risk clones» among nosocomial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in various regions of Russia within the «MARATHON 2015–2016» study. Materials and Methods. A total of 1006 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of P. aeruginosa collected in 44 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015–2016 were studied. Species identification of isolates was performed by means of MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry.

Objective. To assess rates of antimicrobial resistance and production of the clinically important acquired resistance mechanisms (extended spectrum beta-lactamases [ESBL] and carbapenemases) in nosocomial strains of Enterobacterales, and to determine genotypes and prevalence of “international high-risk clones” among carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in various Russian regions within the “MARATHON 2015–2016“ study. Materials and Methods. A total of 2786 non-duplicate nosocomial isolates of Enterobacterales, including 1316 isolates of K. pneumoniae and 837 isolates of Escherichia coli isolated in 49 hospitals from 25 cities in Russia in 2015–2016 were studied.

Objective. To study in vitro activity of antimicrobials against clinical isolates from patients with communityacquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in different regions of Russia in 2017–2018. Materials and Methods. A total of 1052 Enterobacterales isolates collected in the Russian Federation as part of a multicenter, prospective, epidemiological study of the antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens causing community-acquired UTI in different subsets of patients (“DARMIS-2018”) were included in the analysis. Uropathogens were isolated from children and adults of both sexes in all age groups with acute (and recurrences of chronic) community-acquired UTIs, including pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria in 32 centers of 24 cities of Russia in 2017–2018.

Recent emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria that hydrolyze most β-lactams, including carbapenems, are a major concern for antimicrobial therapy worldwide, including Russia. This paper presents a comparative review of …