Antimicrobial Resistance

Objective. To assess minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobials for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) mycobacteria isolated from patients in Ural Federal District of the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. We determined MICs for 33 M. avium and 34 M. intracellulare strains isolated from 67 patients with mycobacteriosis or tuberculosis/mycobacteriosis co-infection during 2018– 2019. SLOMYCO Sensititre test-system was used for susceptibility testing to 12 antibiotics: amikacin, streptomycin, clarithromycin, ethambutol, rifabutin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, ethionamide, isoniazid, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and doxycycline.

Objective. To determine spectrum and prevalence of genetic determinants of resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma genitalium in a Russian patient population. Materials and Methods. A total of 873 M. genitalium-positive samples from five geographical regions of Russia were investigated over the period of 2009–2019 using the previously developed protocol of real-time polymerase chain reaction (allows detecting any nucleotide substitutions in the 23S rRNA gene of M. genitalium at positions 2058, 2059, and 2611).

Objective. To perform genotyping of cytomegalovirus (CMV) phosphotransferase UL97 and investigate mutations associated with ganciclovir/valganciclovir (GCV/VGCV) resistance in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with confirmed CMV infection. Materials and Methods. This single-center prospective study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 and enrolled allogeneic HSCT recipients under 18 years of age with confirmed CMV infection. In case of possible GCV resistance, molecular genotyping with Sanger sequencing was performed.

Objective. To create local antibiotic resistance surveillance system using the AMRcloud online platform to provide evidence base for activity of antimicrobials (AM) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemiology. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted at the Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center (Moscow, Russia). The study is prospective, with two evaluations of the local AMR surveillance system (before and after the implementation of the AMRcloud online platform). Separately, the effects of implementing the AMRcloud platform were evaluated and the most frequent scenarios of using this system in hospital were studied.

Objective. To analyze the features of local antibiotic resistance monitoring at hospitals in the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The study involved a survey of 305 institutions. The duration of data collection was 1 year (March 2020 – April 2021). The responses received were analyzed using the «R» programming language. Special packages were used for data processing and calculation of confidence intervals. Results were assessed by descriptive analysis with calculation of absolute and relative frequencies, and 95% confidence intervals according to the Wilson method.

Objective. To assess antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of resistance genes and determine the phenotypic groups of K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of children with nosocomial infections in intensive care units from 2014 to 2020. Materials and Methods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined using the serial broth microdilution method. The identification of genes encoding the production of carbapenemases was carried out using hybridization fluorescence detection.

The review presents the current view on the different resistance mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams, which are ones of the main antibiotics of choice for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Currently, there are several …

Objective. To study the genetic diversity of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VR-E. faecium) isolated from the blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Materials and Methods. VR-E. faecium isolated from the blood culture in hematological patients in 6 hospitals of 4 Russian cities (2003–2019) were evaluated. Susceptibility to vancomycin was tested by the broth microdilution method (CLSI, 2018). Vancomycin-resistance genes (vanA, vanB) were identified by polymerase chain reaction.

Objective. assessment of the evolution of the microbiological landscape of the hospital for the period of operation in 2020 into a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection in various departments, including intensive care units; change depending on the results of antibacterial therapy regimens. Materials and Methods. In a retrospective study, conducted from June to December 2020, in a multidisciplinary hospital working with COVID-19 infection, the resistance of isolated strains of microorganisms was analyzed in patients of different age groups.

Objective. To review the basic principles and functionality of the AMRmap online resource. Materials and Methods. The AMRmap platform was developed using the R programming language and various downloadable modules – packages. The current annually updated version of EUCAST clinical breakpoints was applied for determination of categories of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Descriptive analysis includes calculation of absolute and relative frequencies, median values, and confidence intervals using the Wilson method.