Antimicrobial Resistance

The problem of antimicrobial resistance represents one of the most urgent and complex problems of modern healthcare. The measures that are being taken today to control antimicrobial resistance, however, cannot be considered satisfactory, and we are …

Objective. To study susceptibility of clinical Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium perfringens isolates to antimicrobial agents across different regions of the Russian Federation and to identify regional patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods. The study included 1,685 isolates of obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to 107 species, isolated from patients in 60 regions of the Russian Federation during period from January 2023 to December 2024. Among them, 144 C. perfringens isolates from 37 regions, and 370 Bacteroides spp.

Objective. Comparative assessment of in vitro susceptibility of M. avium isolated from patients with mycobacteriosis (MB) with positive and negative HIV status. Materials and Methods. M. avium isolates of were revealed during 2018–2023 from clinical samples of 402 adult patients (≥ 18 years old) in the National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: 144 strains were isolated from individuals with HIV infection (HIV+) and 258 – from patients with a negative HIV status (HIV-).

Despite ongoing efforts by various countries to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the problem remains a global-scale threat, particularly in the context of nosocomial infections, where resistant pathogens are associated with high mortality. …

Objective. To describe the phenotypic and genome characteristics of the phenomenon of aztreonam susceptibility changes in a clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate developing colistin resistance in an evolutionary experiment in vivo. Materials and Methods. A clinical P. aeruginosa isolate with a multiple drug resistance phenotype was examined using the spaciotemporal model of colistin resistance development under the increasing colistin concentration. During the 44-day experiment, isolates were selected from the frontal growing line; these isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome sequencing.

Objective. To determine molecular biological characteristics of Candida albicans strains from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) associated with the formation of resistance to azole drugs. Materials and Methods. The study included 36 clinical isolates of C. albicans from patients with RVVC who sought outpatient care at the P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology from July to November 2024. Species identification of Candida spp. was performed using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry and targeted sequencing.

Objective. To develop a quantitative model to assess the economic loss of irrational antimicrobial use and inaccurate antimicrobial resistance diagnosis. Materials and Methods. The model’s parameters were derived from a questionnaire survey designed to elucidate the characteristics of antimicrobial therapy practices and the impact of microbiological findings, including the frequency and consequences of diagnostic errors. The model’s fundamental structure rests upon the relationship between the accuracy of microbiological diagnoses, the likelihood of irrational antimicrobial therapy, and the consequent economic losses.

The aim of the resolution was to develop a coordinated expert position on the problematic issues of organizing a strategy for controlling antibiotic resistance and the rational use of antibacterial drugs. Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is one of the …

Objective. Conduct a comparative assessment of the frequency and spectrum of antimicrobial resistance of Mycobacterium avium isolated from patients of a phthisiopulmonology clinic in the pre-Covid period (2018–2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023). Materials and Methods. The antimicrobial sensitivity of M. avium isolates was determined to 8 antimicrobial drugs: amikacin, clarithromycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, rifabutin, rifampicin. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using serial broth microdilution method according to published CLSI guidelines, M24S, 2023.

Objective. To compare analytical parameters and sensitivity between BACT/ALERT® 3D 60 and Yunon® Labstar 50. Materials and Methods. The study included 20 species of clinically significant microorganisms isolated from blood (20 strains for each facultative anaerobic species and 10 strains for each aerobic species). For each strain, individual volumes of the inoculation dose were selected with the control of CFU value. In the case of obtaining a stable CFU value in the range 2–10 per 100 µl of bacterial cell suspension, 100 µl of suspension was inoculated into vials with nutrient media for each analyzer, followed by an analysis of the cultivation time, the presence or absence of a growth signal, and average CFU values.