Antimicrobial Resistance

Objective. To describe the phenotypic and genome characteristics of the phenomenon of aztreonam susceptibility changes in a clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate developing colistin resistance in an evolutionary experiment in vivo. Materials and Methods. A clinical P. aeruginosa isolate with a multiple drug resistance phenotype was examined using the spaciotemporal model of colistin resistance development under the increasing colistin concentration. During the 44-day experiment, isolates were selected from the frontal growing line; these isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome sequencing.

Objective. To determine molecular biological characteristics of Candida albicans strains from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) associated with the formation of resistance to azole drugs. Materials and Methods. The study included 36 clinical isolates of C. albicans from patients with RVVC who sought outpatient care at the P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology from July to November 2024. Species identification of Candida spp. was performed using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry and targeted sequencing.

Objective. To develop a quantitative model to assess the economic loss of irrational antimicrobial use and inaccurate antimicrobial resistance diagnosis. Materials and Methods. The model’s parameters were derived from a questionnaire survey designed to elucidate the characteristics of antimicrobial therapy practices and the impact of microbiological findings, including the frequency and consequences of diagnostic errors. The model’s fundamental structure rests upon the relationship between the accuracy of microbiological diagnoses, the likelihood of irrational antimicrobial therapy, and the consequent economic losses.

The aim of the resolution was to develop a coordinated expert position on the problematic issues of organizing a strategy for controlling antibiotic resistance and the rational use of antibacterial drugs. Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is one of the …

Objective. Conduct a comparative assessment of the frequency and spectrum of antimicrobial resistance of Mycobacterium avium isolated from patients of a phthisiopulmonology clinic in the pre-Covid period (2018–2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023). Materials and Methods. The antimicrobial sensitivity of M. avium isolates was determined to 8 antimicrobial drugs: amikacin, clarithromycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, rifabutin, rifampicin. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using serial broth microdilution method according to published CLSI guidelines, M24S, 2023.

Objective. To compare analytical parameters and sensitivity between BACT/ALERT® 3D 60 and Yunon® Labstar 50. Materials and Methods. The study included 20 species of clinically significant microorganisms isolated from blood (20 strains for each facultative anaerobic species and 10 strains for each aerobic species). For each strain, individual volumes of the inoculation dose were selected with the control of CFU value. In the case of obtaining a stable CFU value in the range 2–10 per 100 µl of bacterial cell suspension, 100 µl of suspension was inoculated into vials with nutrient media for each analyzer, followed by an analysis of the cultivation time, the presence or absence of a growth signal, and average CFU values.

Objective. To identify point mutations in 23S rRNA gene associated with phenotypic drug resistance to clarithromycin (CLR) in clinical isolates of H. pylori. Materials and Methods. A total of 50 H. pylori clinical isolates (2014–2022) from adult patients with chronic gastritis (n = 32), duodenal ulcer (n = 11) and gastric cancer (n = 1) were included in this study. Of 50 isolates, 30 were obtained from newly diagnosed patients, 20 – from previously treated patients after eradication failure.

Objective. To evaluate the involvement of P. jirovecii in the infectious and other diseases in children and adults with immunosuppression of various origin. To assess the risk of infection with P. jirovecii, pneumocystosis and its spread by healthcare workers. Materials and Methods. An analysis of the results of a study of 1,446 samples of peripheral blood sera from patients, both children and adults, who were treated in hospitals of various profiles in Moscow and represented an increased risk group for pneumocystosis.

Objective. To determine spectrum and prevalence of genetic determinants of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium from patient in dermatovenerology clinics of two Russian megalopolises: Moscow and St. Petersburg in 2021–2024. Materials and Methods. A total of 530 M. genitalium DNA-positive specimens (urethral and cervical swabs) obtained from men and women from the STD clinic in St. Petersburg and Сlinical facilities of the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology of the Moscow Department of Health Care were analyzed.

Objective. To investigate the prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes carriage in patients at hospital admission. Materials and Methods. The prospective single-center cross-sectional study was performed in Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka» from 15.09.2022 till 15.08.2023. Adult patients without signs of gastrointestinal, upper and lower respiratory tract infections were included to research at fist 24 hour after hospital admission. Rectal swab and oropharyngeal swab were collected from each patient. Additional lower respiratory tract samples were collected from patients who were undergoing mechanical ventilation.