Antimicrobial Resistance

Objective. To implement a closed digital loop for continuous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance based on validated microbiological diagnostic results. Materials and Methods. A prospective study was conducted at the Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Medical Research Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from May 2024 to September 2025. An audit of the initial state of processes, a SWOT analysis, software restructuring, data flow optimization and standardization of diagnostic methods in accordance with EUCAST recommendations were performed.

Objective. To study the antimicrobial resistance and clonal diversity of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium in hematology. Materials and Methods. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VR-E. faecium) isolated from the blood culture of patients in six hospitals of Russia (2005–2023). Antimicrobial susceptibility of VR-E. faecium were determined by serial broth micro dilution was (CLSI, 2024), to tigecycline assessed according to EUCAST, 2025. Vancomycin-resistance genes (vanA, vanB) in VR-E. faecium were detected by multiplex PCR.

Objective. To study genetic determinants of resistance and virulence of K. pneumoniae strains received by the reference center for the prevention of the spread of biological threats of the National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The study included 153 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the biological material of pregnant women and newborns in Perinatal centers in various regions of the Russian Federation with infectious and inflammatory diseases and included in the collection of opportunistic microorganisms of the reference center in 2023.

The problem of antimicrobial resistance represents one of the most urgent and complex problems of modern healthcare. The measures that are being taken today to control antimicrobial resistance, however, cannot be considered satisfactory, and we are …

Objective. To study susceptibility of clinical Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium perfringens isolates to antimicrobial agents across different regions of the Russian Federation and to identify regional patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods. The study included 1,685 isolates of obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to 107 species, isolated from patients in 60 regions of the Russian Federation during period from January 2023 to December 2024. Among them, 144 C. perfringens isolates from 37 regions, and 370 Bacteroides spp.

Objective. Comparative assessment of in vitro susceptibility of M. avium isolated from patients with mycobacteriosis (MB) with positive and negative HIV status. Materials and Methods. M. avium isolates of were revealed during 2018–2023 from clinical samples of 402 adult patients (≥ 18 years old) in the National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: 144 strains were isolated from individuals with HIV infection (HIV+) and 258 – from patients with a negative HIV status (HIV-).

Despite ongoing efforts by various countries to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the problem remains a global-scale threat, particularly in the context of nosocomial infections, where resistant pathogens are associated with high mortality. …

Objective. To describe the phenotypic and genome characteristics of the phenomenon of aztreonam susceptibility changes in a clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate developing colistin resistance in an evolutionary experiment in vivo. Materials and Methods. A clinical P. aeruginosa isolate with a multiple drug resistance phenotype was examined using the spaciotemporal model of colistin resistance development under the increasing colistin concentration. During the 44-day experiment, isolates were selected from the frontal growing line; these isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome sequencing.

Objective. To determine molecular biological characteristics of Candida albicans strains from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) associated with the formation of resistance to azole drugs. Materials and Methods. The study included 36 clinical isolates of C. albicans from patients with RVVC who sought outpatient care at the P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology from July to November 2024. Species identification of Candida spp. was performed using MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry and targeted sequencing.

Objective. To develop a quantitative model to assess the economic loss of irrational antimicrobial use and inaccurate antimicrobial resistance diagnosis. Materials and Methods. The model’s parameters were derived from a questionnaire survey designed to elucidate the characteristics of antimicrobial therapy practices and the impact of microbiological findings, including the frequency and consequences of diagnostic errors. The model’s fundamental structure rests upon the relationship between the accuracy of microbiological diagnoses, the likelihood of irrational antimicrobial therapy, and the consequent economic losses.