Antimicrobial Resistance

Objective. To compare analytical parameters and sensitivity between BACT/ALERT® 3D 60 and Yunon® Labstar 50. Materials and Methods. The study included 20 species of clinically significant microorganisms isolated from blood (20 strains for each facultative anaerobic species and 10 strains for each aerobic species). For each strain, individual volumes of the inoculation dose were selected with the control of CFU value. In the case of obtaining a stable CFU value in the range 2–10 per 100 µl of bacterial cell suspension, 100 µl of suspension was inoculated into vials with nutrient media for each analyzer, followed by an analysis of the cultivation time, the presence or absence of a growth signal, and average CFU values.

Objective. To identify point mutations in 23S rRNA gene associated with phenotypic drug resistance to clarithromycin (CLR) in clinical isolates of H. pylori. Materials and Methods. A total of 50 H. pylori clinical isolates (2014–2022) from adult patients with chronic gastritis (n = 32), duodenal ulcer (n = 11) and gastric cancer (n = 1) were included in this study. Of 50 isolates, 30 were obtained from newly diagnosed patients, 20 – from previously treated patients after eradication failure.

Objective. To evaluate the involvement of P. jirovecii in the infectious and other diseases in children and adults with immunosuppression of various origin. To assess the risk of infection with P. jirovecii, pneumocystosis and its spread by healthcare workers. Materials and Methods. An analysis of the results of a study of 1,446 samples of peripheral blood sera from patients, both children and adults, who were treated in hospitals of various profiles in Moscow and represented an increased risk group for pneumocystosis.

Objective. To determine spectrum and prevalence of genetic determinants of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium from patient in dermatovenerology clinics of two Russian megalopolises: Moscow and St. Petersburg in 2021–2024. Materials and Methods. A total of 530 M. genitalium DNA-positive specimens (urethral and cervical swabs) obtained from men and women from the STD clinic in St. Petersburg and Сlinical facilities of the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology of the Moscow Department of Health Care were analyzed.

Objective. To investigate the prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes carriage in patients at hospital admission. Materials and Methods. The prospective single-center cross-sectional study was performed in Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka» from 15.09.2022 till 15.08.2023. Adult patients without signs of gastrointestinal, upper and lower respiratory tract infections were included to research at fist 24 hour after hospital admission. Rectal swab and oropharyngeal swab were collected from each patient. Additional lower respiratory tract samples were collected from patients who were undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Objective. To perform phylogenetic analysis to assess ongoing changes in population structure of Russian clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was 34 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae obtained from dermatovenerological medical institutions of the Russian Federation in the period 2022–2023. The cultures were spread on chocolate agar with 1% ISOVitalex growth additive and 1% VCAT selective additive (Becton Dickinson, USA). Mass spectrometric studies were performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Germany).

Objective. To study in vitro activity of antimicrobials against clinical isolates obtained from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in various regions of Russia in 2023. Materials and Methods. The study included 1098 isolates obtained from the urine of children and adults of both sexes of all age groups with acute and exacerbation of recurrent community-acquired UTIs, including pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Isolates were collected in 29 centers in 21 cities of Russia in 2023 as part of a multicenter prospective epidemiological study of the dynamics of antibiotic resistance of pathogens causing community-acquired UTIs in different subsets of patients («DARMIS-2023»).

Objective. To study epidemiology of resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasmagenitalium isolated from pregnant women in Russia and Belarus. Materials and Methods. A total of 107 M. genitalium DNA samples isolated from pregnant women in Russia (n = 58) and Belarus (n = 49) was included in the study. In order to detect markers of macrolide or fluoroquinolone resistance, polymerase chain reaction in real time with the effect of quenching fluorescence of the probe by a primer was used.

Objective. To study the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women and newborns in St. Petersburg in 2010–2022. Materials and Methods. The strains of S. agalactiae (n = 248) were obtained by analyzing the clinical material of pregnant women and newborns who were hospitalized at Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott in 2010–2011 and 2020–2022. Determination of susceptibility to antibacterial drugs was evaluated by disk diffusion method.

Objective. To study the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from different regions of Russia in 2010–2021. Materials and Methods. The study included 352 isolates of M. catarrhalis isolated in 11 cities of Russia (Volgograd, Irkutsk, Kazan, Kirov, Moscow, Murmansk, Perm, Seversk, Togliatti, Tomsk, and Ulan-Ude) in 2010–2021. Identification was done by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by broth microdilution method in accordance with the ISO 20776-1:2020.