antibiotic resistance

Objective. To assess impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the structure of pathogens causing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and the dynamics of their antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 379 strains of microorganisms isolated from patients with PJI of the knee and hip joints who underwent surgical treatment at the Federal Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics from 2018 to 2024 was performed. The biological material for the study was synovial fluid samples, tissue biopsies, aspirates from removed implants after ultrasonic treatment.

Objective. To study genetic determinants of resistance and virulence of K. pneumoniae strains received by the reference center for the prevention of the spread of biological threats of the National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The study included 153 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the biological material of pregnant women and newborns in Perinatal centers in various regions of the Russian Federation with infectious and inflammatory diseases and included in the collection of opportunistic microorganisms of the reference center in 2023.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens causing community-acquired and nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients. Among the two known pathotypes, hypervirulent (hvKp) has become a matter of serious concern, as such isolates can …

Despite ongoing efforts by various countries to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the problem remains a global-scale threat, particularly in the context of nosocomial infections, where resistant pathogens are associated with high mortality. …

Objective. To describe the phenotypic and genome characteristics of the phenomenon of aztreonam susceptibility changes in a clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate developing colistin resistance in an evolutionary experiment in vivo. Materials and Methods. A clinical P. aeruginosa isolate with a multiple drug resistance phenotype was examined using the spaciotemporal model of colistin resistance development under the increasing colistin concentration. During the 44-day experiment, isolates were selected from the frontal growing line; these isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome sequencing.

Objective. To develop a quantitative model to assess the economic loss of irrational antimicrobial use and inaccurate antimicrobial resistance diagnosis. Materials and Methods. The model’s parameters were derived from a questionnaire survey designed to elucidate the characteristics of antimicrobial therapy practices and the impact of microbiological findings, including the frequency and consequences of diagnostic errors. The model’s fundamental structure rests upon the relationship between the accuracy of microbiological diagnoses, the likelihood of irrational antimicrobial therapy, and the consequent economic losses.

Objective. To perform phylogenetic analysis to assess ongoing changes in population structure of Russian clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was 34 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae obtained from dermatovenerological medical institutions of the Russian Federation in the period 2022–2023. The cultures were spread on chocolate agar with 1% ISOVitalex growth additive and 1% VCAT selective additive (Becton Dickinson, USA). Mass spectrometric studies were performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Germany).

Objective. To evaluate in vitro activity of various macrolide antibiotics against a current collection of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from patients with community-acquired infections in different regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. A total of 350 clinical isolates from patients with community-acquired infections, including 200 S. pneumoniae and 150 S. pyogenes, were included in the study. To further evaluate the in vitro activity of 16-member macrolides against erythromycin-resistant isolates (MIC ≥ 0.

Objective. To study the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from different regions of Russia in 2010–2021. Materials and Methods. The study included 352 isolates of M. catarrhalis isolated in 11 cities of Russia (Volgograd, Irkutsk, Kazan, Kirov, Moscow, Murmansk, Perm, Seversk, Togliatti, Tomsk, and Ulan-Ude) in 2010–2021. Identification was done by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by broth microdilution method in accordance with the ISO 20776-1:2020.

Objective. The aim of the study was to develop gradient diffusion strips with substances capable of potentiating the action of antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae. Materials and Methods. The substances azidothymidine and baicalin were used to evaluate the joint action of combinations of antibiotics with substances that potentiate their action. Determination of susceptibility to combinations of antibiotics (gentamicin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol) with the listed substances was carried out by a modified gradient-diffusion method (cross-test).