Аннотация
Саркоидоз – эпителиоидно-клеточный гранулематоз – болезнь с неизвестной причиной возникновения и прогрессирования. Представлен обзор литературы, посвященной предполагаемым вероятным факторам развития саркоидоза, – микобактериям, хламидиям, пропионибактериям, вирусам. Обсуждается роль этих патогенов как этиологических факторов и триггеров, меняющих иммунную реактивность макроорганизма. К возможным триггерам в развитии саркоидоза относят также применение противовирусных и иммуномодулирующих средств. Приведены факты передачи саркоидоза.
-
1.
Popper H.H. Differential diagnosis and etiology of epi-theliod cell granulomatosis of the lung. Verh Dtsch GesPathol 2000;84:118-28.
-
2.
Hunninghake G.W., Costabel U., Ando M., et al.Statement on sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse LungDis 1999;16 (2):149-73.
-
3.
Jones P.D., Gibson P.G., Henry R.L. The prevalence ofasthma appears to be inversely related to the incidence oftyphoid and tuberculosis: hypothesis to explain the vari-ation in asthma prevalence around the world. MedHypotheses 2000;55 (1):40-2.
-
4.
Moller D.R. Etiology of sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med1997;18 (4):695-706.
-
5.
Mitchell D.N. The nature and physical characteristics ofa transmissible agent from human sarcoid tissue. Ann N YAcad Sci 1976;278:233-48.
-
6.
Heyll A., Meckenstock G., Aul C., et al. Possible trans-mission of sarcoidosis via allogeneic bone marrow trans-plantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994;14 (1):161-4.
-
7.
Hunt J., Gordon F.D., Jenkins R.L., et al. Sarcoidosiswith selective involvement of a second liver allograft:report of a case and review of the literature. Mod Pathol1999;12 (3):325-8.
-
8.
Judson M.A. An approach to the treatment of pulmonarysarcoidosis with corticosteroids: the six phases of treat-ment. Chest 1999;115 (4):1158-65.
-
9.
ACCESS Research Group: Design of a case control etio-logic study of sarcoidosis (ACCESS). J Clin Epidemiol1999;52 (12):1173-86.
-
10.
McGrath D.S., Goh N., Foley P.J., du Bois R.M.Sarcoidosis: genes and microbes – soil or seed?Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2001;18 (2):149-64.
-
11.
Vanek J., Schwarz J. Demonstration of acid-fast rods insarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1970;101 (3):395-400.
-
12.
Cantwell A.R.Jr. Histologic observations of variably acid-fast pleomorphic bacteria in systemic sarcoidosis: a reportof 3 cases. Growth 1982;46 (2):113-25.
-
13.
Mankiewicz E., van Walbeek R. Mycobacteriophages:their role in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. Arch EnvironHealth 1962;5:122-8.
-
14.
Mankiewicz E. On the aetiology of sarcoidosis. CanadaMed Assoc J 1963;88:593-5.
-
15.
Burnet F.M. The clonal selection theory of acquiredimmunity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;1959.
-
16.
Mattman L.H. Cell wall-deficient forms of mycobacteria.Ann N Y Acad Sci 1970;174 (2):852-61.
-
17.
Moscovic E.A. Sarcoidosis and mycobacterial L-forms. Acritical reappraisal of pleomorphic chromogenic bodies(Hamazaki corpuscles) in lymph nodes. Pathol Annu1978;13:69-164.
-
18.
Almenoff P.L., Johnson A., Lesser M., Mattman L.H.Growth of acid fast L forms from the blood of patientswith sarcoidosis. Thorax 1996;51 (5):530-3.
-
19.
Judge M.S., Mattman L.H. Cell wall deficient mycobac-teria in tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and leprosy. In:Domingue G.J., editor. Cell wall deficient bacteria.Reading, Massachusetts: Addison–Wesley;1982. p. 257-98.
-
20.
Graham D.Y., Markesich D.C., Kalter D.C. Isolation ofcell wall-deficient acid fast bacteria from skin lesions inpatients with sarcoidosis. In: Grassi C., Rizzato G., PozziE., editors. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disor-ders. Amsterdam: Elsevier;1998. p.161-4
-
21.
Barth C.L., Judge M.S., Mattman L.H., Hessburg P.C.Isolation of an acid-fast organism from the aqueoushumour in a case of sarcoidosis. Henry Ford HospitalMedical Journal 1979;27:127-33.
-
22.
Alavi H.A., Moscovic E.A. Immunolocalization of cell-wall-deficient forms ofMycobacterium tuberculosiscom-plex in sarcoidosis and in sinus histiocytosis of lymphnodes draining carcinoma. Histol Histopathol 1996;11(3):683-94.
-
23.
Хоменко А.Г., Озерова Л.В., Романов В.В. и др. Сарко-идоз: 25-летний опыт клинического
-
24.
Ishioka S., Wiwien H.W., Hiyama K., et al. New mono-clonal antibodies against the epithelioid cells in sarcoidgranulomas. Exp Lung Res 1999;25 (8):663-70.
-
25.
Sakai Ji. J., Matsuzawa S., Usui M., Yano I. New diagnos-tic approach for ocular tuberculosis by ELISA using thecord factor as antigen. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85 (2):130-3.
-
26.
Di Alberti L., Piattelli A., Artese L. et al. Human her-pesvirus 8 variants in sarcoid tissues. Lancet1997;350:1655-61.
-
27.
Mitchell I.C., Turk J.L., Mitchell D.N. Detection ofmycobacterial rRNA in sarcoidosis with liquid-phasehybridization. Lancet 1992;339:1015-7.
-
28.
Ikonomopoulos J.A., Gorgoulis V.G., Zacharatos P.V., etal. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detectionof mycobacterial DNA in cases of tuberculosis and sar-coidosis. Mod Pathol 1999;12 (9):854-62.
-
29.
Richter E., Kataria Y.P., Zissel G., et al. Analysis of theKveim–Siltzbach test reagent for bacterial DNA. Am JRespir Crit Care Med 1999;159 (6):1981-84.
-
30.
Blasi F., Rizzato G., Gambacorta M., et al. Failure todetect the presence ofChlamydia pneumoniaein sarcoidpathology specimens. Eur Respir J 1997;10 (11):2609-11.
-
31.
Wilsher M.L., Menzies R.E., Croxson M.C.Mycobacte!rium tuberculosisDNA in tissues affected by sarcoidosis.Thorax 1998;53 (10):871-4.
-
32.
Richter E., Greinert U., Kirsten D., et al. Assessment ofmycobacterial DNA in cells and tissues of mycobacterialand sarcoid lesions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1996;153:375-80.
-
33.
Vokurka M., Lecossier D., du BOIS R.M., et al. Absenceof DNA from mycobacteria of theM. tuberculosisComplex in sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1997;156:1000-3.
-
34.
Salian N.V., Rish J.A., Eisenach K.D., et al. Polymerasechain reaction to detectMycobacterium tuberculosisinhistologic specimens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1998;158:1150-5.
-
35.
Ishige I., Usui Y., Takemura T., Eishi Y. QuantitativePCR of mycobacterial and propionibacterial DNA inlymph nodes of Japanese patients with sarcoidosis.Lancet 1999;354:120-3.
-
36.
Chao S.C., Yan J.J., Lee J.Y. Cutaneous sarcoidosisamong Taiwanese. J Formos Med Assoc 2000;99:317-23.
-
37.
Popper H.H., Klemen H., Hoefler G., Winter E. Presenceof mycobacterial DNA in sarcoidosis. Hum Pathol1997;28:796-800.
-
38.
Klemen H., Husain A.N., Cagle P.T., et al. MycobacterialDNA in recurrent sarcoidosis in the transplanted lung –a PCR-based study on four cases. Virchows Arch.2000;436:365-9.
-
39.
Li N., Bajoghli A., Kubba A., Bhawan J. Identification ofmycobacterial DNA in cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis. JCutan Pathol 1999;26:271-8.
-
40.
Morrison A., Gyure K.A., Stone J., et al. Mycobacterialspindle cell pseudotumor of the brain: a case report andreview of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 1999;23:1294-9.
-
41.
Biyoudi-Vouenze R., Cadranel J., Valeyre D., et al.Expression of 1,25 (OH)2D3receptors on alveolar lym-phocytes from patients with pulmonary granulomatousdiseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143:1376-80.
-
42.
Maliarik M.J., Chen K.M., Sheffer R.G., et al. The naturalresistance-associated macrophage protein gene in africanamericans with sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol2000;22:672-5.
-
43.
Борисов С.Е. Саркоидоз органов дыхания (эпидемио-логия, клиника, диагностика и лечение) [диссерта-ция]. Москва; 1995.
-
44.
Puolakkainen M., Campbell L.A., Kuo C.C., Leinonen M.,Gronhagen-Riska C., Saikku P. Serological response toChlamydia pneumoniaein patients with sarcoidosis. JInfect 1996; 33:199-205.
-
45.
Frangova Youroukova V., Ivanov St., Popov G.Chlamydia pneumoniaeand respiratory tract diseases inBulgaria. Eur resp J 1997;10 (Suppl 25). Ref N 2096:322-3S.
-
46.
Tauber E., Wojnarowski C., Horcher E., et al. Necrotizingsarcoid granulomatosis in a 14-yr-old female. EuropRespir J 1999;13 (3):703-5.
-
47.
Mills G.D., Allen R.K., Timms P.Chlamydia pneumoniaeDNA is not detectable within sarcoidosis tissue.Pathology 1998;30:295-8.
-
48.
Sadikot R.T., Dore P., Arnold A.G. Sarcoidosis andopportunistic infections. South Med J 2001;94:75-7.
-
49.
Jacob F. CouldBorrelia burgdorferibe a causal agent ofsarcoidosis? Med Hypotheses 1989;30:241-3.
-
50.
Klint H., Siboni A.H. Borreliosis associated withLofgren’s syndrome. Ugeskr Laeger 2000;162:4154-5.
-
51.
Hua B., Li Q.D., Wang F.M., Ai C.X., Luo W.C.Borreliaburgdorferiinfection may be the cause of sarcoidosis.Chin Med J 1992;105:560-3.
-
52.
Lian W., Luo W.Borrelia burgdorferiDNA in biologicalsamples from patients with sarcoidosis using the poly-merase chain reaction technique. Chin Med Set J1995;10:93-5.
-
53.
Ishihara M., Ohno S., Ono H. Seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia antibodies among patients with confirmed sar-coidosis in a region of Japan where Lyme borreliosis isendemic. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol1998;236:280-4.
-
54.
Morris J.T., Longfield R.N. Sarcoidosis and ELISA forBorrelia burgdorferi. South Med J 1994;87:590-1.
-
55.
Arcangeli G., Calabro S., Cisno P., et al. Determination ofantibodies toBorrelia burgdorferiin sarcoidosis.Sarcoidosis 1994;11:32-3.
-
56.
Martens H., Zollner B., Zissel G., et al. Anti-Borreliaburgdorferiimmunoglobulin seroprevalence in pul-monary sarcoidosis: a negative report. Eur Respir J1997;10:1356-8.
-
57.
Yi E.S., Lee H., Suh Y.K., et al. Experimental extrinsicallergic alveolitis and pulmonary angiitis induced byintratracheal or intravenous challenge withCorynebacterium parvumin sensitized rats. Am J Pathol1996;149:1303-12.
-
58.
Ichiyasu H., Suga M., Matsukawa A., et al. Functionalroles of MCP-1 in Propionibacterium acnes-induced,T cell-mediated pulmonary granulomatosis in rabbits. JLeukoc Biol 1999;65:482-91.
-
59.
Abe C., Iwai K., Mikami R., Hosoda Y. Frequent isolationofPropionibacterium acnesfrom sarcoidosis lymph nodes.Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg 1984;256:541-7.
-
60.
Ebe Y., Ikushima S., Yamaguchi T., et al. Proliferativeresponse of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and levelsof antibody to recombinant protein fromPropionibacterium acnesDNA expression library inJapanese patients with sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis VascDiffuse Lung Dis 2000;17:256-65.
-
61.
Nunes H., Deny P., Raphael M., Valeyre D. Chronic infil-trative lung disease and viruses. Rev Mal Respir2001;18:247-55.
-
62.
Conron M., Bondeson J., Pantelidis P., et al. Alveolarmacrophages and T cells from sarcoid, but not normallung, are permissive to adenovirus infection and allowanalysis of NF-kappaB-dependent signaling pathways.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001;25:141-9.
-
63.
Rottoli P., Bianchi Bandinelli M.L., Rottoli L., et al.Sarcoidosis and infections by human lymphotropic viru-ses. Sarcoidosis 1990;7 (1):31-3.
-
64.
Hillerdal G., Frisk G., Nettelbladt O., Diderholm H. Highfrequency of IgM antibodies to Coxsackie B virus in sar-coidosis patients and patients with asbestos-relatedlesions. Sarcoidosis 1992;9:39-42.
-
65.
Yonemaru M., Kasuga I., Kusumoto H., et al. Elevation ofantibodies to cytomegalovirus and other herpes virusesin pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 1997;10:2040-5.
-
66.
Heiske A., Anheier B., Pilaski J., et al. A newClethrionomys-derived hantavirus from Germany: evi-dence for distinct genetic sublineages of Puumala virusesin Western Europe. Virus Res 1999;61:101-12.
-
67.
Redondo P., Espana A., Sola J., et al. Sarcoid-like granu-lomas secondary to herpes simplex virus infection.Dermatology 1992;185:137-9.
-
68.
Mitchell D.N., McSwiggan D.A., Mikhail J.R., et al.Antibody to herpes-like virus in sarcoidosis. Am RevRespir Dis 1975;111:880-2.
-
69.
Alberti L.D., Piattelli A., Artese A., et al. Human her-pesvirus 8 variants in sarcoid tissues. Lancet1997;350:1655-61.
-
70.
Blauvelt A. The role of human herpesvirus 8 in the patho-genesis of Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Adv Dermatol 1999;14:167-207.
-
71.
Lebbe C., Agbalika F., Flageul B., et al. No evidence for arole of human herpesvirus type 8 in sarcoidosis: molecu-lar and serological analysis. Brit J Dermatol1999;141:492-6.
-
72.
Belec L., Mohamed A.S., Lechapt-Zalcman E., et al. Lackof HHV-8 DNA sequences in sarcoid tissues of Frenchpatients. Chest 1998;114:948-9.
-
73.
Jaffe H.W., Pellett P.E. Human herpesvirus 8 andKaposi’s sarcoma-some answers, more questions. N EnglJ Med 1999;340:1912-3.
-
74.
Nagate A., Ohyashiki J.H., Kasuga I., et al. Detection andquantification of human herpesvirus 6 genomes usingbronchoalveolar lavage fluid in immunocompromisedpatients with interstitial pneumonia. Int J Mol Med2001;8:3779-83.
-
75.
Hoffmann R.M., Jung M.C., Motz R., et al. Sarcoidosisassociated with interferon-alpha therapy for chronichepatitis C. J Hepatol 1998;28:1058-63.
-
76.
Naccache J.M., Antoine M., Wislez M., et al. Sarcoid-likepulmonary disorder in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Am JRespir Crit Care Med 1999;159:2009-13.
-
77.
Mirmirani P., Maurer T.A., Herndier B., et al. Sarcoidosisin a patient with AIDS: A manifestation of immune resto-ration syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:285-6.
-
78.
Gomez V., Smith P.R., Burack J., et al. Sarcoidosis afterantiretroviral therapy in a patient with acquiredimmunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1278-80.
-
79.
Bobbio-Pallavicini E., Valsecchi C., Tacconi F., et al.Sarcoidosis following beta-interferon therapy for multi-ple myeloma. Sarcoidosis 1995;12:140-2.
-
80.
Fiorani C., Sacchi S., Bonacorsi G., Cosenza M. Systemicsarcoidosis associated with interferon-αtreatment forchronic myelogenous leukemia. Haematologica2000;85:1006-7.
-
81.
Pietropaoli A., Modrak J., Utell M. Interferon-alpha the-rapy associated with the development of sarcoidosis.Chest 1999;116:569-72.
-
82.
Van der Els N.J., Gerdes H. Sarcoidosis and IFN-alphaTreatment. Chest 2000;117:294.
-
83.
Teragawa H., Hondo T., Takahashi K., et al. Sarcoidosisafter interferon therapy for chronic active hepatitis C.Intern Med 1996;35:19-23.
-
84.
Cacoub P., Sbai A., Frances C., et al. Systemic sarcoidosisduring interferon-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis Cvirus infection. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2000;24:364-6.
-
85.
Pohl J., Stremmel W., Kallinowski B. Pulmonal sarcoido-sis: A rare side effect of interferon-alpha treatment forchronic hepatitis C infection. Z Gastroenterol2000;38:951-5.
-
86.
Toutous-Trellu L., Ninet B., Rohner P., et al. Three casesof cutaneous sarcoidosis: search for bacterial agent by the16S RNA gene analysis and treatment with antibiotics.Dermatology 2000;200:342-5.
-
87.
Tambouret R., Geisinger K.R., Powers C.N., et al. Theclinical application and cost analysis of fine-needle aspi-ration biopsy in the diagnosis of mass lesions in sarcoido-sis. Chest 2000;117:1004-11.
-
88.
Prezant D.J., Dhala A., Goldstein A., et al. The incidence,prevalence, and severity of sarcoidosis in New York cityfirefighters. Chest 1999;116:1183-93.
-
89.
Vergne P., Bertin P., Bonnet C., et al. Drug-inducedrheumatic disorders: incidence, prevention and manage-ment. Drug Saf 2000;23:279-93.
-
90.
Johns C.J., Michele T.M. The clinical management of sar-coidosis. A 50-year experience at the Johns HopkinsHospital. Medicine (Baltimore) 1999;78:65-111.