carbapenems | CMAC

carbapenems

In vitro activity of biapenem and other carbapenems against Russian clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., and Enterobacterales

Objective. To evaluate in vitro activity of biapenem and other clinically available carbapenems against Russian clinical isolates of Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa и Acinetobacter spp., including isolates with acquired fermentative mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams. Materials and Methods. A total of 3139 Enterobacterales isolates, 793 P. aeruginosa isolates and 634 Acinetobacter spp. isolates from hospitalized patients in 63 hospitals from 35 Russian cities were included in the study during 2018-2019. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for biapenem and other antimicrobials were determined in accordance with ISO 20776-1:2006.

Susceptibility of clinical Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to ceftazidimeavibactam in Russia: multicenter local laboratory databased surveillance

Objective. To assess the in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against clinical Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in various regions of Russia based on results of local susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method. Materials and Methods. Overall, 160 laboratories located in 61 Russian cities participated in this surveillance during 2018-2020. All consecutive clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in each participating laboratory were included in the study. Ceftazidime-avibactam susceptibility testing was done by disc-diffusion method in accordance with current EUCAST recommendations.

Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of colistin with antibiotics of different groups against multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objective. To reveal antibiotics being capable of potentiating the antimicrobial activity of colistin against multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of colistin alone and in combination with fixed concentrations of antibiotics of different groups were determined for 272 multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Bactericidal activity of colistin, carbapenems, clarithromycin and their combinations were also determined at fixed PK/PD breakpoint concentrations of antibiotics.

Detection of acquired carbapenemase genes among Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of acquired carbapenemase genes among A. baumannii isolates collected from blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and Methods. This prospective multicenter study included A. baumannii isolated from blood culture in hematological patients in 7 Russian hospitals (2003–2015). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem and imipenem were determined by broth microdilution method (CLSI, 2017). All A. baumannii isolates were tested by multiplex real-time PCR for presence of acquired carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24⁄40-like, blaOXA-58-like, blaNDM-like, blaVIM-like and blaIMP-like).

Genotypes and metallo-beta-lactamases carriage in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from children in Moscow

Objective. To characterize the population structure and determine the genetic mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial isolates of P. aeruginosa collected in Moscow in 2012-2016. Materials and methods. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were collected in two pediatric hospitals in Moscow. Antibiotics susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates was assessed using the E-tests and disk-diffusion method. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used for genotyping of the isolates. The presence of metallo-betalactamase (MBL) genes was determined using real-time PCR.

Bacteriophage Preparations and Antibiotic Combinations: In vitro Activity Against Extensively Drug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235

The activity of 11 antibiotics combinations and 4 commercially available preparations for phagotherapy in regard to metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates of sequence type 235 (ST 235) belonging to the clonal …

Production of Carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated in Saint-Petersburg

Carbapenem-resistant nosocomial K. pneumoniae isolates are a significant problem in clinical practice. Carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients was 2.8% over the study period. NDM-1 carbapenemase-producing strains …

Genotyping Analysis of Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii Strains

The problem of genotypic variety of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients with healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) are discussed. Carbapenemresistant strains, which are predominant in the study region, were shown to belong to the …

«Checkerboard Array» as a Test for Evaluation of Decrease in Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistance to Carbapenems in the Presence of Bisphosphonate

One of the main mechanisms of resistance of Gramnegative microorganisms to antibiotics is enzymatic hydrolysis by beta-lactamases (for example, metallobeta-lactamases). Searching of paths of strengthening of carbapenems action is possible due to …

Carbapenems in the Multidisciplinary Hospital: Some Clinical and Economic Consequences

The changes in carbapenem consumption during 6 consecutive years have been studied in retrospective trial. 88% of carbapenems have been administered in the ICU’s and hematology department. The 3-fold increase of the total consumption during …