Abstract
The article contains modern notions of epidemiology, course, clinical and diagnostic aspects of communityacquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, standards of its treatment and antibiotic resistance of this pathogen in the world population. Moreover, results of own research are described. The aim of this research was to describe group of patients admitted to multifield hospitals of Smolensk with mycoplasmal pneumonia, in comparison with patients suffered from pneumonia, caused by «typical» bacterial pathogens. Among the population under the study Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was diagnosed mainly in young persons without chronic concomitant diseases. Predominantly it was characterized by monoinfection, prevalence of focal affections of one or both lungs, absence of systemic inflammatory response in full blood counts, mild, uncomplicated course and favorable prognosis.
-
1.
Чучалин А.Г. Клинические рекомендации. Пульмонология. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2005.
-
2.
Welte T., Torres A., Nathwani D. Clinical and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in Europe. Thorax 2010: doi:10.1136/thx.2009.129502.
-
3.
Polkowska A., Harjunpää A., Toikkanen S., et al. Increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Finland, 2010-2011. Euro Surveill. 2012; 17(5):pii=20072.
-
4.
Chalker V.J., Stocki T., Mentasti M., et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in primary care investigated by realtime PCR in England and Wales. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:915-21.
-
5.
Kannan T.R., Hardy R.D., Coalson J.J., et al. Fatal outcomes in family transmission of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clinical Infectious Dis 2012; 54(2):225-31.
-
6.
Waites K.B., Talkington D.F. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17:697-728.
-
7.
Тартаковский И.С. Современные подходы к диагностике атипичных пневмоний. Клин микробиол антимикроб химиотер 2000; 1(2):60-8.
-
8.
Bébéar C., Pereyre S., Peuchant O. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics. Future Microbiol 2011; 6(4):423-31.
-
9.
Higgins R.R., Lombos E., Tang P., et al. Verification of the ProPneumo-1 assay for the simultaneous detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamidophila pneumoniae in clinical respiratory specimens. Ann Clin Mirobiol Antimicrob 2009; 8(10):doi:10.1186/1476- 0711-8-10.
-
10.
Miyashita N., Ouchi K., Kawasaki K., et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in the elderly. Med Sci Monit 2008; 14(8):387-91.
-
11.
Leonardi S., del Giudice M.M., Spicuzza L., et al. Lung abscess in a child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:1413-5.
-
12.
Atkinson T.P., Balish M.F., Waites K.B. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and laboratory detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32:956-73.
-
13.
Uldum S.A., Bangsborg J.M., Gahrn-Hansen B., et al. Epidemic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Denmark, 2010 and 2011. Euro Surveill. 2012; 17(5):pii=20073.
-
14.
Miyashita N., Fukano H., Mouri K., et al. Communityacquired pneumonia in Japan: a prospective ambulatory and hospitalized patient study. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:395-400.
-
15.
Saito A., Kohno S., Matsushima T., et al. Prospective multicenter study of the causative organisms of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2006; 12:63-69.
-
16.
Marrie T.J. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia requiring hospitalization, with emphasis on infection in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:488-94.
-
17.
Vervolet L.A., Marguet C., Camargos P.A. Infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its importance as an etiological agent in childhood community-acquired pneumonias. Braz J Infect Dis 2007; 11:507-14.
-
18.
Koletsky R.J.,Weinstein A.J., Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: report of fatal case, and a review of the literature. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 122:491-6.
-
19.
Kannan T.R., Baseman J.B. ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating cytotoxin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae represents unique virulence determinant among bacterial pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:6724-9.
-
20.
Techasaensiri C., Tagliabue C., Cagle M., et al. Variation of colonization, ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating cytotoxin, and pulmonary disease severity among Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:797-804.
-
21.
Рачина С.А., Козлов Р.С. Современные подходы к микробиологической диагностике при внебольничной пневмонии. Пульмонология 2010; 5:5-14.
-
22.
Razin S. Diagnosis of mycoplasmal infections. In: S. Razin and R. Herrmann, editors. Molecular biology and pathogenicity of mycoplasmas. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers. New York. N.Y. 2002, p. 531-44.
-
23.
Thacker W. L., Talkington D. F. Analysis of complement fixation and commercial enzyme immunoassays for detection of antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in human serum. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2000; 7:778-80.
-
24.
Pitcher D., Chalker V.J., Sheppard C., et al. Real-time detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory samples with an internal processing control. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:149-55.
-
25.
Екимов А.Н. Молекулярные методы в этиологической диагностике внебольничной пневмонии. В кн.: А.Г. Чучалина, А.И. Синопальникова, Л.С. Страчунского. Пневмония. М: МИА, 2006; С. 80-94.
-
26.
Available from: http://www.interlabservice.ru/catalog/reagents.
-
27.
Loens K., Van Heirstraeten L., Malhotra-Kumar S. Optimal sampling sites and methods for detection of pathogens possibly causing community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2009; 47(1):21-31.
-
28.
Bébéar C.M., Pereyre S. Mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord 2005; 5(3):263-71.
-
29.
Dumke R., von Baum H., Lück P.C. et al. Occurrence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains in Germany. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010;16(6):613-6.
-
30.
Critchley I.A., Jones M.E., Heinze P.D., et al. In vitro activity of levofloxacin against contemporary clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae from North America and Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002; 8(4):214-21.
-
31.
Niitu Y., Hasegawa S., Suetake T., et al. Resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to erythromycin and other antibiotics. J Pediatr 1970; 76(3):438-43.
-
32.
Pereyre S., Charron A., Renaudin H. et al. First report of macrolide-resistant strains and description of a novel nucleotide sequence variation in the P1 adhesin gene in Mycoplasma pneumoniae clinical strains isolated in France over 12 years. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45(11):3534-39.
-
33.
Stopler T.,Gerichter C.B., Branski D. Antibiotic-resistant mutants of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Isr J Med Sci 1980; 16(3):169-73.
-
34.
Morozumi M.,Takahashi T., Ubukata K. Macrolideresistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae: characteristics of isolates and clinical aspects of community-acquired pneumonia. J Infect Chemother 2010;16(2):78-86.
-
35.
Matsubara K., Morozumi M., Okada T., et al.: A comparative clinical study of macrolide-sensitive and macrolideresistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in pediatric patients. J Infect Chemother 2009; 15(6):380-3.
-
36.
Suzuki S., Yamazaki T., Narita M., et al.: Clinical evaluation of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50(2):709-12.
-
37.
Чучалин А.Г., Синопальников А.И., Козлов Р.С., Тюрин И.Е., Рачина С.А. Внебольничная пневмония у взрослых: практические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике у взрослых. Москва, 2010.
-
38.
Рачина С.А., Козлов Р.С., Шаль Е.П. и др. Структура бактериальных возбудителей внебольничной пневмонии в многопрофильных стационарах Смоленска. Пульмонология 2011; 1:5-18.
-
39.
Baum H., Welte T., Marre R., et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia revisited within the German Competence Network for Community-acquired pneumonia (CAPNETZ). BMC Infectious Diseases 2009; 9:62 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-62.
-
40.
Baum H., Welte T., Marre R., et al. Community-acquired pneumonia through Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: diagnosis. incidence and predictors. Eur Respir J. 2010 Mar; 35(3):598-605.
-
41.
Leesik H., Ani U., Juhani A., et al. Microbial pathogens of adult community-acquired pneumonia in Southern Estonia. Medicina (Kaunas) 2006; 42:384-94.