Current Possibilities of Specific Prophylaxis of Pneumococcal Infections | CMAC

Current Possibilities of Specific Prophylaxis of Pneumococcal Infections

Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2002; 4(1):61-69

​ Kozlov R.S.
pneumococcus pneumococcal vaccine immunization prophylaxis
Section
Information
Type
Journal article
Publication
Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2002; 4(1):61-69

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading pathogens causing meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, and community-acquired pneumonia in different age groups. A special problem for the time being is an increase of drug-resistant pneumococci isolated in different nosological forms, which leads to the additional expenses on management of such patients. Together with of effective antimicrobial agents, currently there is a possibility of implementation of specific prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections both in adults and children. Licensed in Russian Federation 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine is effective and safe upon usage in individuals of >2 years of age, but, it provides insufficient protection in children Ј2 years old. However, licensed in 2000 in the USA and some countries of Western Europe conjugated 7-valent vaccine showed efficacy in children of this age group, which give wide prospective for prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections. This review presents current, evidence-based recommendations on usage of pneumococcal vaccines and also perspectives of vaccination.

  • 1. Wright A.E., Morgan W.P., Cantab M.B., Colebrook L., Lond M.B., Dodgson R.W., Lond M.D. Observation on prophylactic inoculations against pneumococcus infection, and on the results which have been achieved by it. Lancet 1914; 1:87-95.
  • 2. Heidelberg M., Avery O.T. J Exp Med 1923; 38:73-9.
  • 3. Schiemann O., Casper W. Ztschr Hyg Infektionskr 1927; 108: 220-57.
  • 4. MacLeod C.M., Hodges R.G., Heidelberg M., Bernhard W.G. Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by immunization with specific capsular polysaccharides. J Exp Med 1945; 82:445-65.
  • 5. Austrian R., Gold J. Pneumococcal bacteremia with a special reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1964; 60:759-76.
  • 6. Austrian R., Douglas R.M., Schiffman G., Coetzee A.M., Koornhof H.J., Hayden-Smith S., Reid R.D. Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1976; 89:184-9.
  • 7. Smit P., Oberholzer D., Hayden-Smith S., Koornhof H.J., Hilleman M.R. Protective efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. JAMA 1977; 238:2613-6.
  • 8. Plouffe J., Breiman R., Facklam R. Bacteremia with Streprococcus pneumoniae in adults: implication for therapy and prevention. JAMA 1996; 275:194-8.
  • 9. Mufson M.A., Krause H.E., Schiffman G., Hughey D.F. Pneumococcal antibody levels one decade after immunization of healthy adults. Am J Med Sci 1987; 293: 279-84.
  • 10. Musher D.M., Groover J.E., Rowland J.M., Watson D.A., Struewing J., Baughn R.E., Mufson M.A. Antibody to capsular polysaccharides of Streprococcus pneumoniae: prevalence, persistence, and response to re-vaccination. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17:67-73.
  • 11. Vella P.P., McLean A.A., Woodhour A.F., Wiebel R.E., Hilleman M.R. Persistence of pneumococcal antibodies in human subjects following vaccination. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1980; 164:435-8.
  • 12. Go E.S., Ballas Z.K. Anti-pneumococcal antibody response in normal subjects: a meta analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996; 98:205-15.
  • 13. Romero-Steiner S., Musher D.M., Cetron M.S., Pais L.B., Groover J.E., Fiore A.E., Plikaytis B.D., Carlone G.M. Reduction in functional antibody activity against Streprococcus pneumoniae in vaccinated elderly individuals highly correlates with decreased IgG antibody avidity. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:281-8.
  • 14. Romero-Steiner S., Libutti D., Pais L.B., Dykes J., Anderson P., Whitin J.C., Keyserling H.L., Carlone G.M. Standardization of an opsonophagocytic assay of the measurement of functional antibody activity against Streprococcus pneumoniae using differentiated HL-60 cells. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1997; 4:415-22.
  • 15. Koivula I., Sten M., Leinonen M., Makela P.H. Clinical efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in the elderly: a randomized, single-blind population-based trial. Am J Med 1997; 103:281-90.
  • 16. Simberkoff M.S., Cross A.P., Al-Ibrahim M., Baltsch A.L., Geiseler P.J., Nadler J., Richmond A.S., Smith R.P., Schiffman G., Shepard D.S., van Eeckhout J.P. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk patients. Results of Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1986; 315:1318-27.
  • 17. Ortqvist A., Hedlund J., Burman L.A., Eibel E., Hofer M., Leinonen M., Lindblad I., Sundelof B., Kalin M., Swedish Pneumococcal Vaccination Study Group. Randomized trial of 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in prevention of pneumonia in middle-age and elderly people. Lancet 1998; 351:399-403.
  • 18. Kaufman P. Pneumonia in old age: active immunization against pneumonia with pneumococcus polysaccharide; results of six year study. Arch Intern Med 1947; 79:518-31.
  • 19. Gaillat J., Zmirou D., Mallaret M.R., Rouhan D., Bru J.P., Stahl J.P., Delormas P., Micoud M. Essai clinique du vaccin antipneumococcique chez des personnes agees vivant en institution. Rev Epidem Sante Publ 1985; 33:437-44.
  • 20. Clemens J.D., Shapiro E.D. Resolving the pneumococcal vaccine controversy: are there alternatives to randomized clinical trials? Rev Infect Dis 1984; 6:589-600.
  • 21. Clemens J.D., Brenner R., Rao M., Tafari N., Lowe C. Evaluation of new vaccines for developing countries: efficacy or effectiveness? JAMA 1996; 275:390-7.
  • 22. Sims R.V., Steinmann W.C., McConville J.H., King L.R., Zwick W.C., Schwartz J.S. The clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine in the elderly. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108:653-7.
  • 23. Shapiro E.D., Berg A.T., Austrian R., Schroeder D., Parcells V., Margolis A., Adair R.K., Clemens J.D. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325:1453-60.
  • 24. Butler J.C., Breiman R.F., Campbell J.F., Lipman H.B., Broome C.V., Facklam R.R. Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine efficacy: an evaluation of current recommendations. JAMA 1993; 270:1826-31.
  • 25. Farr B.M., Johnston B.L., Cobb D.K., Fisch M.J., Germanson T.P., Adal K.A., Anglim A.M. Preventing pneumococcal bacteremia at patients at risk. Results of a matched case-control study. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155:2336-40.
  • 26. Fiore A.E., Elliott J.A., Franklin A.R., Facklam R.R., Butler J.C., the Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance Working group. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine effectiveness among children of ages 2 through 5. Infectious Diseases Society of America 35th Annual Meeting, September 15, 1997, San Francisco, California. Abstract 615.
  • 27. Forrester H.L., Jahningen D.W., LaForce F.M. Inefficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in a high-risk population. Am J Med 1987; 83:425-30.
  • 28. Sisk J.E., Moskowitz A.J., Whang W., Fedson D.S., McBean A.M., Plouffe J.F., Centron M.S., Butler J.C. Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal bacteremia among elderly people. JAMA 1997; 278: 1333-9.
  • 29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of pneumococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1997; 46 (R-8): 1-24.
  • 30. Fedson D.S., Musher D.M., Eskola J. Pneumococcal vaccine. In: S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein, editors. Vaccines. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1999. p. 553-607.
  • 31. Fine M.J., Smith M.A., Carson C.A., Meffe F., Sankey S.S., Weisfeld L.A., Detsky A.S., Kapoor W.N. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 2666-77.
  • 32. Jackson L.A., Benson P., Sneller V.-P., Butler J.C., Thompson R.S., Chen R.T., Lewis L.S., Carlone C., De-Stefano F., Holder P., Lezhava T., Williams W.W. Safety of revaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. JAMA 1999; 281:243-8.
  • 33. Sankilampi U., Honkanen P.O., Bloigu A., Leinonen M. Persistence of antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in patients in the elderly. J Infect Dis 1997; 176:1100-4.
  • 34. Brichacek B., Swindells S., Janoff E.N., Pirruccello S., Stevenson M. Increased plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 burden following antigenic challenge with pneumococcal vaccine. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:1191-9.
  • 35. Katzenstein T.L., Gerstoft J., Nielsen H. Assessments of plasma HIV RNA and CD4 cell counts after combined Pneumovax® and tetanus toxoid vaccination. Scand J Infect Dis 1996; 28:239-41.
  • 36. O’Dempsey T.J.D., McArdle T., Ceesay S.J., Banya W.A.S., Demba E., Secka O., Leinonen M., Kayhty H., Francis N., Greenwood B.M. Immunization with a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine during pregnancy. Vaccine 1996; 14:963-70.
  • 37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreaks of pneumococcal pneumonia among unvaccinated residents in chronic-care facilities – Massachusetts, October 1995, Oklahoma, February 1996, and Maryland, May–June 1996. MMWR 1997; 46:60-2.
  • 38. Nuorti J.P., Butler J.C., Crutcher J.M., Guevara R., Welch D., Holder P., Elliott J.A. An outbreak of pneumonia and bacteremia due to multidrug-resistant Streprococcus pneumoniae among unvaccinated nursing home residents. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1861-8.
  • 39. Fiore A.E., Iverson C., Messmer T., et al. Outbreak of pneumonia in a long-term care facility: antecedent human parainfluenza virus 1 infection may predispose to bacterial pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46:1112-7.
  • 40. USPHS / IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group. Prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127:922-46.
  • 41. Rodriguez-Barradas M.C., Musher D.M., Kahart C., et al. Antibody to capsular polysaccharides of Streprococcus pneumoniae after vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. J Infect Dis 1992; 165:553-6.
  • 42. Hilleman M.R., Carlson A.J., McLean A.A., Vella P.P., Weibel R.E., Woodhour A.F. Streprococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccine: age and dose responses, safety, persistence of antibody, revaccination, and simultaneous administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. Rev Infect Dis 1981; 3 (Suppl.): S31-S42.
  • 43. DeStefano F., Goodman R.A., Noble G.R., McClary G.D., Smith S.J., Broom C.V. Simultaneous administration of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. JAMA 1982; 247:2551-4.
  • 44. Douglas R.M., Paton J.C., Duncan S.J., Hansman D.J. Antibode response to pneumococcal vaccination in children younger that five years of age. J Infect Dis 1983; 148:131-7.
  • 45. Koskela M., Leinonen M., haiva V.M., Timonen M., Makela P.H. First and second dose antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in infants. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986; 5:45-50.
  • 46. Leinonen M., Sakkinen A., Kalliokoski R., Luotonen J., Timonen M., Makela P.H. Antibody response to 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in pre-school age children. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986; 5:39-44.
  • 47. O’Brien K.L., Steinhoff M.C., Edwards K., Keyserling H., Thoms M.L., Madore D. Immunological priming of young children by pneumococcal glycoprotein conjugate, but not polysaccharide, vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15:425-30.
  • 48. Steinhoff M.C., Edwards K., Keyserling H., Thoms M.L., Johnson C., Madore C., Hogerman D. A randomized comparison of three bivalent Streprococcus pneumoniae glycoprotein conjugate vaccines in young children: effect of polysaccharide size and linkage characteristics. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13:368-72.
  • 49. Kayhty H., Ahman H., Ronnberg P.-R., Tillikainen R., Eskola J. Pneumococcal polysaccharide-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine is immunogenic in infants and children. J Infect Dis 1995; 172:1273-8.
  • 50. Anderson E.L., Kennedy D.J., Geldmacher K.M., Donnelly J., Mendelman P.M. Immunogenecity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants. J Pediatr 1996; 128:649-53.
  • 51. Rennels M.B., Edwards K.M., Keyserling H.L., et al. Safety and immunogenecity of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM197 in United States infants. Pediatrics 1998; 101:604-11.
  • 52. Black S., Shinefeld H., Fireman B., et al. Efficacy, safety and immunogenecity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Northern California Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19 (3):187-95.
  • 53. Siber G.R. Pneumococcal disease; prospects for a new generation of vaccines. Science 1994; 265:1385-7.
  • 54. Powers D.C., Anderson E.L., Lottenbach K., Mink C.M. Reactogenecity and immunogenecity of a protein-conjugated pneumococcal oligosaccharide vaccine in older adults. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:1014-8.
  • 55. Molrine D.C., George S., Tarbell N., et al. Antibody responses to polysaccharide and polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines after treatment of Hodgkin’s disease. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123:828-34.
  • 56. Chan C.Y., Molrine D.C., George S., et al. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine primes for antibody responses to polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines after treatment of Hodgkin’s disease1996. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:256-8.
  • 57. Vernacchio L., Neufield E.J., macDonald K., et al. Combined schedule of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in children and young adults with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr 1998; 133:275-8.
  • 58. Lock R.A., Paton J.C., Hansman D. Comparative efficacy of pneumococcal neuraminidase and pneumolysin as immunogens protective against Streprococcus pneumoniae. Microb Path 1988; 5:461-7.
  • 59. McDaniel L.S., Sheffield J.S., Delucchi P., Briles D.E. pspA, a surface protein of Streprococcus pneumoniae, is capable of eliciting protection against pneumococci of more than one capsular serotype. Infect Immun 1991; 59:222-8.
  • 60. Sampson J.S., Furlow Z., Whitney A.M., Williams D., Facklam R., Carlone G.M. Limited diversity of Streprococcus pneumoniae psaA among pneumococcal vaccine serotypes. Infect Immun 1997; 65:1967-71.
  • 61. Briles D.E., Hollingshead S.K., Swiatlo E., et al. PspA and PspC: Their potential for use as pneumococcal vaccines. Microb Drug Resist 1997; 3:401-8.
  • 62. Wu H.-Y., Nahm M.H., Guo Y., Russell M.W., Briles D.E. Intranasal immunization of mice with PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) can prevent intranasal carriage, pulmonary infection and sepsis with Streprococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:839-46.
  • 63. Nayak A.R., Tinge S.A., Tart R.C., McDaniels L.S., Briles D.E., Curtiss R. A live recombinant virulent oral Salmonella vaccine expressing pneumococcal surface protein A induces protective responses against Streprococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1998; 66:3744-51.
  • 64. McDaniel L.S., Loechel F., Benedict C., Greenway T., Briles D.E., Conry R.M., Curiel D.T. Immunization with a plasmid expressing pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) can elicit protection against fatal infection with Streprococcus pneumoniae. Gene Ther 1997; 4:375-7.
Views
0 Abstract
0 PDF
0 Crossref citations
Shared